Valuation methods, apparatus, media and signals, and methods relating to asset-secured loans

A computer-readable medium storing:

• instruction codes for directing a processor circuit to determine, in respect of a loan secured by an asset, a present value of a right of a borrower of the loan to choose during a term of the loan to require an entity to pay the loan in full on the borrower's behalf in exchange for the asset, in response to at least one prediction of whether the borrower will exercise the right, wherein the instruction codes direct the processor circuit to determine the present value of the right in response to a plurality of values of the right at a plurality of respective times for a plurality of scenarios, and wherein the instruction codes further direct the processor circuit to determine the present value of the right by:
• i) at least for non-zero values of the plurality of values of the right at the plurality of respective times for the plurality of scenarios, generating a plurality of corresponding discounted present values;
• and
• ii) determining the present value of the right as an average of the discounted present values.

An apparatus comprising:

• a processor circuit configured to determine, in respect of a loan secured by an asset, a present value of a right of a borrower of the loan to choose during a term of the loan to require an entity to pay the loan in full on the borrower's behalf in exchange for the asset, in response to at least one prediction of whether the borrower will exercise the right, wherein the processor circuit is configured to determine the present value of the right in response to a plurality of values of the right at a plurality of respective times for a plurality of scenarios, and wherein the processor circuit is configured to determine the present value of the right by:
• i) at least for non-zero values of the plurality of values of the right at the plurality of respective times for the plurality of scenarios, generating a plurality of corresponding discounted present values;
• and
• ii) determining the present value of the right as an average of the discounted present values.

An apparatus comprising:

• a) means for generating at least one prediction of whether a borrower of a loan secured by an asset will exercise a right to choose during a term of the loan to require an entity to pay the loan in full on the borrower's behalf in exchange for the asset;
• and
• b) means for determining a present value of the right, in response to the at least one prediction, wherein the means for determining comprises means for determining the present value of the right in response to a plurality of values of the right at a plurality of respective times for a plurality of scenarios, and wherein the means for determining further comprises:
• i) at least for non-zero values of the plurality of values of the right at the plurality of respective times for the plurality of scenarios, means for generating a plurality of corresponding discounted present values;
• and
• ii) means for determining the present value of the right as an average of the discounted present values.