Process for the conversion of heavy charges such as heavy crude oils and distillation residues

A process for the conversion of heavy charges selected from the group consisting of heavy crude oils, extra heavy crude oils, distillation residues, heavy oils from catalytic processes, thermal tars, bitumens from oil sands, coals of various nature, and black oils, by means of the joint use of at least three process units comprising a first deasphalting section (SDA1), a first hydroprocessing section (HT1), and a distillation or flash section (D), said process comprising:

• sending the heavy charge to the first deasphalting section (SDA1) in the presence of one or more solvents and obtaining a first stream consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO 1 from (SDA1)) and a second stream consisting of asphaltenes;
• mixing the first stream consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO 1 from (SDA1)) with a hydrogenation catalyst and sending the first obtained mixture to a first hydroprocessing section (HT1) and introducing into the first mixture hydrogen or a mixture comprising hydrogen and H2S, thereby obtaining a first stream comprising a reaction product from the first hydroprocessing section (HT1) with the catalyst in the dispersed phase;
• mixing the second stream consisting of asphaltenes with a hydrogenation catalyst and sending the second obtained mixture to a second hydroprocessing section (HT2) and introducing into the second mixture hydrogen or a mixture comprising hydrogen and H2S, thereby obtaining a second stream comprising a reaction product from the second hydroprocessing section (HT2) with the catalyst in the dispersed phase;
• sending both the first stream comprising the reaction product from the first hydroprocessing section (HT1) with the catalyst in the dispersed phase and the second stream comprising the reaction product from the second hydroprocessing section (HT2) with the catalyst in the dispersed phase, to one or more distillation or flash sections (D), wherein volatile fractions, including gases produced in the two hydroprocessing sections (HT1 and HT2), are separated from a distillation residue (tar) or from a liquid coming out of the flash section (D);
• and
• sending the distillation residue (tar) or the liquid coming out of the flash section (D), to a second deasphalting section (SDA2) in the presence of one or more solvents and obtaining a third stream consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO 2 (from SDA2)) and a fourth stream consisting of asphaltenes wherein, unless there is a drainage, a part of the third stream consisting of deasphalted oil is recycled to the hydroprocessing section (HT1) and a part of the fourth stream consisting of asphaltenes is recycled to the second first hydroprocessing section (HT2).