A capped tooltip molecule having a tip end and a nucleation-site handle end distal to the tip end, wherein the capped tooltip molecule comprises:
- one or more adamantane molecules arranged in a polymantane or lonsdaleite configuration to form a base molecule, the base molecule having at least one bridgehead carbon substituted with a dimerholder atom X, wherein the dimerholder atom X is selected from the group consisting of a Group III element, a Group IV element other than carbon, and a Group V element, to form a tip end of the tooltip molecule;
- and
- a capped carbon dimer covalently bonded to the dimerholder atom X wherein the capped carbon dimer has a structure selected from the group consisting of ═C-cap and =C-cap-C═;
- wherein when the capped carbon dimer has the structure ═C-cap, the -cap is selected from the group consisting of:
- —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —Li, —Na, —K, —Rb, —Cs, —OH, —OF, —OCl, —OBr, —OI, —OLi, —ONa, —OK, —ORb, —OCs, —SH, —SF, —SCl, —SBr, —SI, —SLi, —SNa, —SK, —SRb, —SCs, —SeH, —SeF, —SeCl, —SeBr, —SeI, —SeLi, —SeNa, —SeK, —SeRb, —SeCs, —TeH, —TeF, —TeCl, —TeBr, —TeI, —TeLi, —TeNa, —TeK, —TeRb, —TeCs, —BeH, —BeF, —BeCl, —BeBr, —BeI, —MgH, —MgF, —MgCl, —MgBr, —MgI, —CaH, —CaF, —CaCl, —CaBr, —CaI, —SrH, —SrF, —SrCl, —SrBr, —SrI, —BaH, —BaF, —BaCl, —BaBr, —BaI, —NH2, —PH2, —AsH2, —SbH2, —BiH2, —NLi2, —PLi2, —AsLi2, —SbLi2, —BiLi2, —BH2, —AlH2, —GaH2, —InH2, —TlH2, —BLi2, —AlLi2, —GaLi2, —InLi2, —TlLi2 —NF2, —PF2, —AsF2, —SbF2, —BiF2, —NNa2, —PNa2, —AsNa2, —SbNa2, —BiNa2, —BF2, —AlF2, —GaF2, —InF2, —TlF2, —BNa2, —AlNa2, —GaNa2, —InNa2, —TlNa2, —NCl2, —PCl2, —AsCl2, —SbCl2, —BiCl2, —NK2, —PK2, —AsK2, —SbK2, —BiK2, —BCl2, —AlCl2, —GaCl2, —InCl2, —TlCl2, —BK2, —AlK2, —GaK2, —InK2, —TlK2, —NBr2, —PBr2, —AsBr2, —SbBr2, —BiBr2, —NRb2, —PRb2, —AsRb2, —SbRb2, —BiRb2, —BBr2, —AlBr2, —GaBr2, —InBr2, —TlBr2, —BRb2, —AlRb2, —GaRb2, —InRb2, —TlRb2, —NI2, —PI2, —AsI2, —SbI2, —BiI2, —NCs2, —PCs2, —AsCs2, —SbCs2, —BiCs2, —BI2, —AlI2, —GaI2, —InI2, —TlI2, —BCs2, —AlCs2, —GaCs2, —InCs2, —TlCs2, methyl, vinyl, ethyl, carboxyl, methoxy, formyl, acetyl, and phenyl;
- and
- wherein when the capped carbon dimer has the structure ═C-cap-C═, the -cap- is selected from the group consisting of:
- —O—, —O-O—, —S—, —S—S—, —Se—, —Se—Se—, —Te—, —Te—Te—, —Be—, —Be—Be—, —Mg—, —Mg—Mg—, —Ca—, —Ca—Ca—, —Sr—, —Sr—Sr—, —Ba—, —Ba—Ba—, —NH—, —NHHN—, —PH—, —PHHP—, —AsH—, —AsHHAs—, —SbH—, —SbHHSb—, —BiH—, —BiHHBi—, —BH—, —BHHB—, —AlH—, —AlHHAl—, —GaH—, —GaHHGa—, —InH—, —InHHIn—, —TlH—, —TlHHTl—, —NLi—, —NLiLiN—, —PLi—, —PLiLiP—, —AsLi—, —AsLiLiAs—, —SbLi—, —SbLiLiSb—, —BiLi—, —BiLiLiBi—, —BLi—, —BLiLiB—, —AlLi—, —AlLiLiAl—, —GaLi—, —GaLiLiGa—, —InLi—, —InLiLiIn—, —TlLi—, —TlLiLiTl—, —NF—, —NFFN—, —PF—, —PFFP—, —AsF—, —AsFFAs—, —SbF—, —SbFFSb—, —BiF—, —BiFFBi—, —BF—, —BFFB—, —AlF—, —AlFFAl—, —GaF—, —GaFFGa—, —InF—, —InFFIn—, —TlF—, —TlFFTl—, —NNa—, —NNaNaN—, —PNa—, —PNaNaP—, —AsNa—, —AsNaNaAs—, —SbNa—, —SbNaNaSb—, —BiNa—, —BiNaNaBi—, —BNa—, —BNaNaB—, —AlNa—, —AlNaNaAl—, —GaNa—, —GaNaNaGa—, —InNa—, —InNaNaIn—, —TlNa—, —TlNaNaTl—, —NCl—, —NClClN—, —PCl—, —PClClP—, —AsCl—, —AsClClAs—, —SbCl—, —SbClClSb—, —BiCl—, —BiClClBi—, —BCl—, —BClClB—, —AlCl—, —AlClClAl—, —GaCl—, —GaClClGa—, —InCl—, —InClClIn—, —TlCl—, —TlClClTl—, —NK—, —NKKN—, —PK—, —PKKP—, —AsK—, —AsKKAs—, —SbK—, —SbKKSb—, —BiK—, —BiKKBi—, —BK—, —BKKB—, —AlK—, —AlKKAl—, —GaK—, —GaKKGa—, —InK—, —InKKIn—, —TlK—, —TlKKTl—, —NBr—, —NBrBrN—, —PBr—, —PBrBrP—, —AsBr—, —AsBrBrAs—, —SbBr—, —SbBrBrSb—, —BiBr—, —BiBrBrBi—, —BBr—, —BBrBrB—, —AlBr—, —AlBrBrAl—, —GaBr—, —GaBrBrGa—, —InBr—, —InBrBrIn—, —TlBr—, —TlBrBrTl—, —NRb—, —NRbRbN—, —PRb—, —PRbRbP—, —AsRb—, —AsRbRbAs—, —SbRb—, —SbRbRbSb—, —BiRb—, —BiRbRbBi—, —BRb—, —BRbRbB—, —AlRb—, —AlRbRbAl—, —GaRb—, —GaRbRbGa—, —InRb—, —InRbRbIn—, —TlRb—, —TlRbRbTl—, —NI—, —NIIN—, —PI—, —PIIP—, —AsI—, —AsIIAs—, —SbI—, —SbIISb—, —BiI—, —BiIIBi—, —BI—, —BIIB—, —AlI—, —AlIIAl—, —GaI—, —GaIIGa—, —InI—, —InIIIn—, —TlI—, —TlIITl—, —NCs—, —NCsCsN—, —PCs—, —PCsCsP—, —AsCs—, —AsCsCsAs—, —SbCs—, —SbCsCsSb—, —BiCs—, —BiCsCsBi—, —BCs—, —BCsCsB—, —AlCs—, —AlCsCsAl—, —GaCs—, —GaCsCsGa—, —InCs—, —InCsCsIn—, —TlCs—, and —TlCsCsTl—.