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US 7,683,232 B2Granted
Production of olefins having a functional group
AssigneeRegents of the University of Minnesota
InventorsLanny D. Schmidt, Ramanathan Subramanian
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AssigneeRegents of the University of Minnesota
InventorsLanny D. Schmidt, Ramanathan Subramanian
Estimating the term…
A process is disclosed for producing functionalized olefins from a fuel source including an organic compound including a functional group. Useful fuel sources include, for example, biofeedstocks (e.g., carbohydrates, triglycerides, polyols, and biodiesel). The process is preferably carried out by partial oxidation. The overall process can be carried out autothermally.
A process for the production of an organic compound, the process comprising:
A process for the production of an organic compound, the process comprising:
A process for the production of an organic compound, the process comprising:
A process for the production of an organic compound, the process comprising:
A process for the production of a reaction product comprising at least one olefinic ester, the process comprising:
A process for the production of a reaction product comprising at least one olefinic ester, the process comprising:
A process for the production of a reaction product comprising at least one functionalized olefin, the process comprising:
A process for the production of an organic compound, the process comprising:
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.
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Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom: by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
By reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air: catalytic reaction of gaseous or…
Using catalysts: processes with two or more reaction steps, of which at least one is catalytic, e.g. steam reforming and partial oxidation
By modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group: by isomerisation; by change of size of…
About 1 year 11 months of term left · ends 12 Sep 2028 (estimated)
Olefins are currently the largest volume chemical intermediates produced by the chemical industry, with a global annual production of over 300 billion pounds per year (Deng et al., Chem. Eng. Technol., 25:711 (2002)). Currently olefins are produced almost exclusively from fuels such as ethane or other light alkanes, such as naphtha, in a process known as steam cracking. This process takes place by homogeneous pyrolysis, typically at approximately 800 degrees Celsius (° C.). For ethane this process is represented by the reaction: C2H6→C2H4+H2 ΔHR=+136 kJ/mol.
It is estimated that about 30% of all pollution from chemical plants comes from steam cracking, due to CO2, NOx, and unburned hydrocarbons unavoidably produced during steam cracking. Furthermore, as many products can be formed as a result of pyrolysis, typical yields of ethylene from ethane are approximately 50%, with even lower yields typically observed for heavier alkanes.
As an alternative to steam cracking, it has been shown that partial oxidation of these fuels may be used to produce, for example, hydrogen and olefins, with the ability to provide a high selectivity to ethylene (Bodke et al., Science, 285:712 (1999); Beretta et al., J. Catal., 184:469 (1999)). Partial oxidation is an exothermic reaction that can be represented, for example, by the following reaction of ethane with oxygen: C2H6+½O2→C2H4+H2O ΔHR=−105 kJ/mol
FIG. 1 is an illustrative graphical representation of reactor temperatures (catalyst backface temperature) observed during the reaction of biodiesel fuel with oxygen at flow rates of 1, 2, 4, and 6 standard liters per minute (SLPM) over a rhodium/cerium catalyst and plotted with respect to the carbon to oxygen ratios used.
FIG. 2 is an illustrative graphical representation of the conversion percentages of the biodiesel fuel observed in the reaction of biodiesel fuel with oxygen at flow rates of 1, 2, 4, and 6 SLPM over a rhodium/cerium catalyst and plotted with respect to the carbon to oxygen ratios used.
FIG. 3 is an illustrative graphical representation of the conversion percentages of the oxygen provided observed in the reaction of biodiesel fuel with oxygen at flow rates of 1, 2, 4, and 6 SLPM over a rhodium/cerium catalyst and plotted with respect to the carbon to oxygen ratios used.
The present invention provides a process and apparatus for the production of olefins, functionalized olefins and other useful materials, such as hydrogen and synthesis gas (also known as syngas, which is H2 and CO), from at least one organic compound that includes a functional group. The present process may be carried out via a steam cracking process, as described above; alternatively it may, preferably, be carried out under conditions of partial oxidation.
The term “organic compound” as used herein includes, but is not limited to, a hydrocarbon compound with optional elements other than carbon and hydrogen, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon, that is classified as an aliphatic compound, cyclic compound, or combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups (e.g., alkaryl and aralkyl groups) within any one compound. The term “aliphatic compound” means a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon compound. This term is used to encompass alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, for example.
As used herein, the term “olefin” refers to an organic compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group.