Surface and bulk modified high capacity layered oxide cathodes with low irreversible capacity loss
AssigneeBoard of Regents, The University of Texas Systems
InventorsArumugam Manthiram, Yan Wu
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Abstract
The present invention includes compositions, surface and bulk modifications, and methods of making of (1−x)Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2.xLi[Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y]O2 cathode materials having an O3 crystal structure with a x value between 0 and 1 and y value between 0 and 0.5, reducing the irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle by surface modification with oxides and bulk modification with cationic and anionic substitutions, and increasing the reversible capacity to close to the theoretical value of insertion/extraction of one lithium per transition metal ion (250-300 mAh/g).
Claims34
A method, comprising:
- adding two or more transition metal acetate solutions to a basic solution to form two or more co-precipitated transition metal hydroxides comprising two or more hydroxides of Mn, Ni or Co;
- mixing the two or more co-precipitated transition metal hydroxides with lithium hydroxide;
- and
- heating the two or more co-precipitated transition metal hydroxides-lithium hydroxide mixture to form a (1-x)Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2.xLi[Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y]O2 material having an O3 crystal structure, wherein x is between 0.0 and 1.0 and y is from 0.0 to less than 0.5.
A cathode composition, comprising:
- (1-x)Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2.xLi[Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y]O2 having an 03 crystal structure, wherein x is between 0.0 and 1.0, y is between 0.0 and 0.5, and the (1 -x)Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2.xLi[Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y]O2 has a capacity between about 250 and 300 mAh/g and an irreversible capacity loss of between about 20 and 50 mAh/g when incorporated in a lithium ion battery.
A method, comprising:
- dispersing a (1-x)Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2.xLi[Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y]O2 composition in a metal salt precursor solution to form a first combination, wherein x is between 0.0 and 1.0 and y is between 0.0 and 0.5;
- adding ammonium hydroxide to the first combination to precipitate a metal hydroxide, wherein a layered oxide containing the metal hydroxide is formed;
- and
- heating the layered oxide containing the metal hydroxide, wherein a surface modified layered oxide is formed having a capacity between about 250 and 300 mAh/g and an irreversible capacity loss of between about 20 and 50 mAh/g when incorporated in a lithium ion battery.
A method, comprising:
- co-precipitating a metal hydroxide mixture comprising hydroxides of two or more transition metal ions and one or more metal ions;
- forming a mixture comprising the co-precipitated metal hydroxide mixture and lithium hydroxide;
- and
- heating the mixture at a temperature between about 800° C. and about 1000° C. to form a cationic substituted bulk modified cathode composition of (1 -x)Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2.xLi[Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y]O2,
- wherein x is between 0.0 and 1.0, and y is from 0.0 to less than 0.5.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.