Lubricant from water in oil emulsion with suspended solid base
AssigneeThe Lubrizol Corporation
InventorsStephen J. Cook, Alexandra Mayhew, Helena M. Cressey
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
A lubricant in the form of a water or oil insoluble solvent in oil emulsion is described where a base (soluble or dispersible in said oil-insoluble solvent or water) is present in the dispersed phase. These lubricants are beneficial in various applications such as internal combustion engines where the oil needs enough basicity to neutralize any inorganic acids generated by sulfur present in the fuel.
Claims28
A lubricant comprising
- a) a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity,
- b) at least one emulsifier, derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl portion of said acylating agent having about 50 to 500 carbon atoms, capable of forming a water in oil emulsion,
- c) from about 2 to about 50 weight percent of an oil insoluble solvent or solvent blend and
- d) a base comprising magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or calcium carbonate or combinations thereof,
- wherein said base contributes at least 1 TBN to said lubricant, at least 10 wt. % of said base is insoluble in the oil insoluble solvent, and said insoluble base is added as a preformed chemical compound rather than being characterized as formed by an in situ chemical reaction within the oil phase of a aluminum, alkali or alkaline earth base with an acid in the presence of an emulsifier (overbasing) and wherein said base is not a borate compound.
A lubricant in an internal combustion engine comprising;
- a) from about 50 to about 99 wt. % of one or more oils of lubricating viscosity,
- b) from about 2 to 50 wt. % of an oil insoluble solvent
- c) from about 0.5 to about 15 wt. % of a emulsifier(s) capable of forming a water in oil emulsion comprising at least one emulsifier, derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl portion of said acylating agent having about 50 to 500 carbon atoms, and
- d) from about 0.5 to about 30 wt. % of a base comprising magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or calcium carbonate or combinations thereof,
- wherein said base contributes at least 1 TBN to said lubricant, at least 10 wt. % of said base is insoluble in said oil insoluble solvent, and said base is added as a preformed chemical compound rather than being characterized as being formed by an in situ chemical reaction within the oil phase of a aluminum, alkali, or alkaline earth base with an acid in the presence of an emulsifier (overbasing), and wherein said base is not a borate compound, and optionally wherein the insoluble portion of said base is dispersed in said oil insoluble solvent forming a blended solvent base that is then dispersed in said oils of lubricating viscosity.
A method of lubricating at least some of the surfaces of the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine including the steps of adding a lubricating oil with a TBN of at least 10 from dispersible particulate base additives into the combustion chamber, adding fuel to the combustion chamber, and combusting the fuel in said combustion chamber, the improvement comprising incorporating at least 10 mole percent of the base of the TBN as a dispersible particulate base comprising magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or calcium carbonate or combinations thereof dispersed in an oil insoluble solvent, wherein at least 10 wt. % of said base is insoluble in said oil insoluble solvent, and then dispersed into said lubricating oil as an emulsified phase using an emulsifier derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl portion thereof having about 50 to 500 carbon atoms, such that the TBN of said lubrication oil is at least 10 units on the TBN scale expressed as mg KOH/g of oil higher than before incorporating said dispersible particulate base and wherein said base is added as a preformed chemical compound rather than being formed by in situ chemical reaction within the oil phase of aluminum, alkali or alkaline earth base with an acid in the presence of an emulsifier (overbasing).
A process for forming a lubricant with a total base number of at least 1 comprising;
- a) dispersing a portion of base in an oil-insoluble solvent e.g. water, b) adding said base and oil insoluble solvent to a lubricating oil, c) emulsifying said oil insoluble solvent and base in said lubricating oil using an emulsifier derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl portion of said acylating agent having about 50 to 500 carbon atoms, capable of forming a water in oil emulsion, wherein at least 10 wt. % of said base is insoluble in the oil insoluble solvent and said base comprising magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or calcium carbonate or combinations thereof and wherein said base contributes at least 1 mg KOH/g to the TBN of said lubricant and wherein said base is added as a preformed chemical compound rather than being formed in situ in the oil phase by reacting aluminum, alkali, or alkaline earth base with an acid in the presence of an emulsifier (overbasing) and wherein said base is not a borate.
A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine including the steps of adding a lubricating oil with a TBN of at least 1 mg KOH/g into the lubricant recirculating system of the engine, adding fuel to the combustion chamber, and combusting the fuel in said combustion chamber, the improvement comprising incorporating a water dispersible base comprising magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or calcium carbonate or combinations thereof dispersed in an oil insoluble solvent comprising a C1-C5 mono or polyhydric alcohol, C2-C5 ether, and/or water, into said lubricating oil as an emulsified phase using an emulsifier derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl portion of said acylating agent having about 50 to 500 carbon atoms, capable of forming a water in oil emulsion, such that the TBN of said lubricating oil is at least 1 units, on the TBN scale expressed as mg KOH/g of oil higher than before incorporating said water dispersible base and wherein at least 10 wt. % of said base is insoluble in the oil insoluble solvent and said base is added as a preformed chemical compound rather than being formed by in situ chemical reaction in the oil phase between aluminum, alkali, or alkaline earth base and an acid in the presence of an emulsifier (overbasing) and wherein said base is not a borate.
A lubricant comprising
- a) a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity
- b) at least on emulsifier capable of forming a water in oil emulsion comprising at least one emulsifier, derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl portion of said acylating agent having about 50 to 500 carbon atoms,
- c) sufficient base comprising magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or calcium carbonate or combinations thereof to impart a total base number (TBN) of at least 40 mg KOH/g of lubricant optionally dispersed or dissolved in an oil insoluble solvent or solvent blend, wherein at least 10 wt. % of said base is insoluble in the oil insoluble solvent or solvent blend,
- d) from about 0.1 to about 4 wt. % of one or more ashless dispersants (PIB containing or PIB-free),
- e) from about 0.1 to about 20 wt. % of one or more detergents, and
- f) optionally one or more antiwear additives or one or more antioxidants, wherein at least 20 percent of the total base number is contributed by a base added as a preformed chemical compound that is other than a base characterized as being a base formed by an in situ chemical reaction within the oil phase of a aluminum, alkali or alkaline earth base with an acid in the presence of an emulsifier (overbasing) and wherein said at least 20 percent of the total base number is provide by a base that is not a borate compound.
A lubricant for a 2-stroke marine diesel engine having a total base number (TBN) above 40 mg KOH/g comprising
- a) a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil insoluble solvent or solvent blend,
- b) a source of base comprising magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, or calcium carbonate or combinations thereof contributing at least 10 mgKOH/g of oil to said TBN, said source of base being other than conventional overbased detergents and said source of base being uniformly present in a dispersible form in said oil, wherein at least 10 wt. % of said base is insoluble in the oil insoluble solvent,
- c) at least one emulsifier, derived from a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent, the hydrocarbyl portion of said acylating agent having about 50 to 500 carbon atoms, capable of forming a water in oil emulsion, and
- d) an additive package comprising a lubricating oil detergent contributing no more than 30 mg KOH/g to the finished lubricant.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.