Generation, acceleration, focusing and collection of a high-brightness, space-charge-dominated circular charged-particle beam

A method of forming a high-brightness space-charge-dominated circular charged-particle beam system, comprising

• forming a flat circular emitter that emits charge particles to form a space-charge-dominated circular charged-particle beam, said space-charge-dominated circular charged-particle beam is emitted from the flat circular emitter with a uniform density and having a current emission being space-charge-limited, obeying the Child-Langmuir law;
• forming a diode comprising at least one electrode at the flat circular emitter and at least one additional electrode that accelerates the charged particles;
• forming a beam tunnel that is coupled electrically to at least one of the additional electrode;
• forming an applied axisymmetric magnetic field for focusing said space-charge-dominated circular charged-particle beam;
• and
• forming a depressed collector which collects the space-charge-dominated circular charged-particle beam.