# US 7,613,504 B2 · Spectroscopic cross-channel method and apparatus for improved optical measurements of tissue > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,613,504 B2 - Document ID: US7613504B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 10/262,403 - Filed: 2002-09-30 - Published: 2003-04-24 - Granted: 2009-11-03 - Earliest claimed: 2001-06-05 - Assignees: Lumidigm, Inc. - Inventors: Robert K. Rowe - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7613504B2 ## CPC - G07C 9/00563: {using personal physical data of the operator, e.g. finger prints, retinal images, voicepatterns} - A61B 5/117: Identification of persons (methods or arrangements for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints, G06F18/00, G06V40/00; identification of persons by analysing their voice or speech G10L17/00) - A61B 5/681: {Wristwatch-type devices} - B82Y 5/00: Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery - B82Y 10/00: Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic - B82Y 20/00: Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals - G07C 9/37: using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition - A61B 5/0059: {using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence (photoacoustic A61B5/0093; optical measurement of heart rate A61B5/02416; optical measurement of blood flow A61B5/0261; optical measurement of analytes A61B5/1455)} - A61B 5/7264: {Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems} - G07C: TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES ## Abstract According to the invention, a sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of a biological sample is disclosed. The sampling system includes a plurality of illumination points, a plurality of detection points, a memory, and a processor. Each of the plurality of illumination points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample. Each of the plurality of detection points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample. The memory stores a plurality of measurements. The processor determines a value from the plurality of measurements that is related to the biological sample. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of a biological sample, the sampling system comprising: a plurality of illumination points; a plurality of detection points, wherein: each of the plurality of illumination points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample, and each of the plurality of detection points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample; a memory for storing a plurality of measurements, each of the measurements including information defining a combination of a particular one of the plurality of illumination points and a particular one of the plurality of detection points involved in the each of the measurements; and a processor configured to determine a value from the plurality of measurements that is related to the biological sample by compensating for interface noise terms from the combinations of particular ones of the plurality of illumination points and particular ones of the plurality of detection points. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with other values to determine characteristics of the biological sample. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with other values to authenticate an identity belonging to the biological sample. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with a threshold to determine characteristics of the biological sample. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with a threshold to authenticate an identity belonging to the biological sample. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the processor explicitly solves for the value. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of illumination points numbers two. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of detection points numbers two. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein: the plurality of illumination points includes a first illumination point and a second illumination point; the first illumination point has a similar spectral luminescence specification than the second illumination point. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is used in a biometric determination. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 10, wherein said biometric determination is at least one of the following: a one-to-many identification, a one-to-one identity verification, a sample liveness verification, a sample authenticity verification, a gender estimation, and an age estimation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value represents an analyte measurement. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 12, wherein the analyte measurement is of at least one of: glucose, alcohol, and hemoglobin. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value relates to a classification of physiological state of the tissue. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 14, wherein the classification of physiological state of the tissue is a determination of the presence of cancer. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of detection points receives illumination from each of the plurality of illumination points in a manner that allows the illumination from each of the first and second illumination points to be separately analyzed. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of illumination points are illuminated by using an encoding pattern. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of detection points includes a discrete detector element. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of detection points are arranged in a linear detector array. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of detection points are arranged in a two-dimensional detector array. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of illumination points include solid-state electro-optical components. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 21, wherein the solid-state electro-optical components include at least one of: a light emitting diode, a laser diode, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and a quantum dot laser. ### Claim 23 A method of performing spectroscopic determinations on a biological sample, the method comprising steps of: providing a plurality of illumination points; providing a plurality of detection points; measuring illumination incident on each of the plurality of detection points a plurality of times, wherein the measuring steps produce a plurality of measurements, each of the measurements including information defining a combination of a particular one of the plurality of illumination points and a particular one of the plurality of detection points involved in the each of the measurements; and determining a value for the biological sample from the plurality of measurements, comprising compensating for interface noise terms from the combinations of particular ones of the plurality of illumination points and particular ones of the plurality of detection points. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, further comprising a step of analyzing the value in a biometric determination. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 24, wherein said biometric determination is at least one of: a one-to-many identification, a one-to-one identity verification, a sample liveness verification, a sample authenticity verification, a gender estimation, and an age estimation. ### Claim 26 (depends on 23) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, wherein the value relates to an analyte measurement. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 26, wherein the analyte measurement is of at least one of: glucose, alcohol, and hemoglobin. ### Claim 28 (depends on 23) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, wherein the determining step includes performing a classification algorithm. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 28, wherein the classification algorithm includes at least one of: a discriminant analysis, a clustering analysis, a partial least squares calculation, a regression, a neural network, a classification tree, and a support vector machine. ### Claim 30 (depends on 23) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, wherein the determining step includes performing a quantitative estimation algorithm. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 30, wherein said quantitative estimation algorithm includes at least one of: a partial least squares calculation, a multiple least squares, regression, and a neural network. ### Claim 32 (depends on 23) A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the computer-implementable method for performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited of claim 23. ### Claim 33 A sampler for spectroscopic measurements of a biological sample, the sampler comprising: a first illumination point that illuminates at least two detection points with measurable radiation; a second illumination point that illuminates said at least two detection points with measurable radiation; a first of said at least two detection points that receives measurable radiation from said first and second illumination points; a second of said at least two detection points that receives measurable radiation from said first and second illumination points, wherein the first illumination point, the second illumination point, the first detection point, the second detection point are configured to operatively engage the biological sample; and a controller in communication with the first and second illumination points and in communication with the first and second detection points to generate a plurality of measurements, each of the measurements including information defining a combination of a particular one of the plurality of illumination points and a particular one of the plurality of detection points involved in the each of the measurements, and to determine a value from the plurality of measurements that is related to the biological sample by compensating for interface noise terms from the combinations of particular ones of the plurality of illumination points and particular ones of the plurality of detection points. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points receives illumination from each of the first and second illumination points in a manner that allows the illumination from each of the first and second illumination points to be separately analyzed. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points are illuminated by using an encoding pattern. ### Claim 36 (depends on 33) The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points includes a discrete detector element. ### Claim 37 (depends on 33) The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points is arranged in a linear detector array. ### Claim 38 (depends on 33) The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points are arranged in a two-dimensional detector array. ### Claim 39 (depends on 33) The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second illumination points includes a solid-state electro-optical component. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 39, wherein the solid-state electro-optical component includes at least one of: a light emitting diode, a laser diode, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser and a quantum dot laser.