# US 7,613,402 B2 · Duobinary receiver

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- Number: US 7,613,402 B2
- Document ID: US7613402B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 10/730,413
- Filed: 2003-12-08
- Published: 2005-06-09
- Granted: 2009-11-03
- Earliest claimed: 2003-12-08
- Assignees: Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc.
- Inventors: Xiang Liu; Lothar Benedict Erhard Josef Moeller; Xing Wei; Chongjin Xie
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7613402B2

## CPC

- H04L 25/068: {by sampling faster than the nominal bit rate}
- H04B 10/69: Electrical arrangements in the receiver
- H04L 7/042: {Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines (digital correlators in general G06F17/15)}
- H04L 25/4923: {using ternary codes (H04L25/4927 takes precedence)}
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

An optical receiver adapted to process an optical duobinary signal received over a transmission link in an optical communication system. In one embodiment, the receiver has an optical-to-electrical signal converter coupled to a decoder. The decoder processes an electrical signal generated by the converter to generate a bit sequence corresponding to the optical signal. To generate a bit value, the decoder integrates the electrical signal using a sampling window and compares the integration result with a decision threshold value. In one configuration, the width of the sampling window and the decision threshold value are selected based on the eye diagram and noise distribution function, respectively, corresponding to the optical signal. Advantageously, embodiments of the present invention improve overall back-to-back (i.e., source-to-destination) system performance, e.g., by improving dispersion tolerance and/or reducing optical power corresponding to a selected bit error rate value.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of signal processing, comprising:
convening an optical signal into an electrical signal having an amplitude corresponding to optical power of the optical signal; and
sampling the electrical signal using a sampling window to generate a bit sequence corresponding to the optical signal, wherein:
the sampling window has a width;
the electrical signal has a series of waveforms comprising first and second pluralities of waveforms, wherein each waveform of the first plurality represents a binary “0” and each waveform of the second plurality represents a binary “1”;
each waveform is integrated over the sampling window width to generate an integration result;
the integration result is compared with a decision threshold value to generate a corresponding bit value;
the sampling window width is selected to be less than a bit length in the electrical signal in order to reduce contribution of the second plurality of waveforms into integration results corresponding to the first plurality of waveforms;
the optical signal is an optical duobinary signal; and
the sampling window width is less than about 25% of a bit length.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein, for each waveform:
when the integration result is greater than or equal to the decision threshold value, the bit value is binary “1”;
when the integration result is smaller than the decision threshold value, the bit value is binary “0”; and
the decision threshold value is selected to correspond to a level different from a mean of space and mark levels in the electrical signal in order to reduce contribution of spontaneous bit noise and thermal noise into the integration results corresponding to the first and second pluralities of waveforms.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the width of the sampling window is selected based on an eye diagram of the optical signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a first clock signal based on the electrical signal;
multiplying a frequency of the first clock signal to generate a second clock signal; and
selecting the width of the sampling window using the second clock signal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, comprising aligning the sampling window with respect to the waveforms based on the second clock signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the sampling window width is selected based on duty cycle corresponding to the second plurality of waveforms.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the duty cycle is greater than one.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the sampling window width is about 10% of a bit length.

### Claim 9

An optical receiver, comprising:
a signal converter adapted to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal having an amplitude corresponding to optical power of the optical signal; and
a decoder coupled to the signal converter and adapted to (i) sample the electrical signal using a sampling window and (ii) generate a bit sequence corresponding to the optical signal, wherein:
the sampling window has a width;
the electrical signal has a series of waveforms comprising first and second pluralities of waveforms, wherein each waveform of the first plurality represents a binary “0” and each waveform of the second plurality represents a binary “1” ;
the decoder is adapted to:
integrate each waveform over the sampling window width to generate an integration result;
compare the integration result with a decision threshold value to generate a corresponding bit value; and
select the sampling window width to be less than a bit length in the electrical signal in order to reduce contribution of the second plurality of waveforms into integration results corresponding to the first plurality of waveforms;
the optical signal is an optical duobinary signal; and
the sampling window width is less than about 25% of a bit length.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The receiver of claim 9, wherein, for each waveform:
when the integration result is greater than or equal to the decision threshold value, the bit value is binary “1”;
when the integration result is smaller than the decision threshold value, the bit value is binary “0”; and
the decision threshold value is selected to correspond to a level different from a mean of space and mark levels in the electrical signal in order to reduce contribution of spontaneous bit noise and thermal noise into the integration results corresponding to the first and second pluralities of waveforms.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The receiver of claim 9, wherein the sampling window width is selected based on an eye diagram of the optical signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The receiver of claim 9, further comprising:
a clock recovery circuit coupled to the signal converter and adapted to generate a first clock signal based on the electrical signal; and
a clock multiplier coupled between the clock recovery circuit and the decoder and adapted to multiply a frequency of the first clock signal to generate a second clock signal, wherein:
the decoder is adapted to select the sampling window width based on the second clock signal.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The receiver of claim 12, wherein the decoder is adapted to align the sampling window with respect to the waveforms based on the second clock signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The receiver of claim 9, wherein the sampling window width is selected based on duty cycle corresponding to the second plurality of waveforms.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The receiver of claim 14, wherein the duty cycle is greater than one.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The receiver of claim 9, wherein the sampling window width is about 10% of a bit length.

### Claim 17

An optical communication system, comprising an optical transmitter and an optical receiver coupled via a transmission link, wherein the optical receiver comprises:
a signal converter adapted to convert an optical signal received from the transmitter via the transmission link into an electrical signal having an amplitude corresponding to optical power of the optical signal; and
a decoder coupled to the signal converter and adapted to (i) sample the electrical signal using a sampling window and (ii) generate a bit sequence corresponding to the optical signal, wherein:
the sampling window has a width;
the electrical signal has a series of waveforms comprising first and second pluralities of waveforms, wherein each waveform of the first plurality represents a binary “0” and each waveform of the second plurality represents a binary “1”;
the decoder is adapted to:
integrate each waveform over the sampling window width to generate an integration result;
compare the integration result with a decision threshold value to generate a corresponding bit value; and
select the sampling window width to be less than a bit length in the electrical signal in order to reduce contribution of the second plurality of waveforms into integration results corresponding to the first plurality of waveforms;
the optical signal is an optical duobinary signal; and
the sampling window width is less than about 25% of a bit length.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein:
when the integration result is greater than or equal to the decision threshold value, the bit value is binary “1”;
when the integration result is smaller than the decision threshold value, the bit value is binary “0”; and
the decision threshold value is selected to correspond to a level different from a mean of space and mark levels in the electrical signal in order to reduce contribution of spontaneous bit noise and thermal noise into the integration results corresponding to the first and second pluralities of waveforms.

### Claim 19

An optical receiver, comprising:
means for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal having an amplitude corresponding to optical power of the optical signal; and
means for sampling the electrical signal using a sampling window to generate a bit sequence corresponding to the optical signal, wherein:
the sampling window has a width:
the electrical signal has a series of waveforms comprising first and second pluralities of waveforms, wherein each waveform of the first plurality represents a binary “0” and each waveform of the second plurality represents a binary “1”;
each waveform is integrated over the sampling window width to generate an integration result;
the integration result is compared with a decision threshold value to generate a corresponding bit value; and
the sampling window width is selected to be less than a bit length in the electrical signal in order to reduce contribution of the second plurality of waveforms into integration results corresponding to the first plurality of waveforms;
the optical signal is an optical duobinary signal; and
the sampling window width is less than about 25% of a bit length.