# US 7,613,249 B1 · Spurious component reduction

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- Number: US 7,613,249 B1
- Document ID: US7613249B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 10/829,801
- Filed: 2004-04-21
- Granted: 2009-11-03
- Earliest claimed: 2004-04-21
- Assignees: Marvell International Ltd.
- Inventors: King Chun Tsai
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7613249B1

## CPC

- H04L 25/03828: {Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties (partial response systems H04L25/497)}
- H04L 27/364: {Arrangements for overcoming imperfections in the modulator, e.g. quadrature error or unbalanced I and Q levels}
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

Apparatus, systems, and methods implementing techniques for reducing spurious components are described. According to one aspect, a wideband polyphase filter filters an input signal that has an associated first frequency. The wideband polyphase filter has poles corresponding to a first filter frequency and a second filter frequency, where the two filter frequencies are different. According to another aspect, a mixer mixes the filtered signal with a local-oscillator signal at a second frequency to produce an upconverted signal, where the second frequency is substantially an integer multiple of the first frequency.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A communications circuit, comprising:
a wideband polyphase filter operable to filter an input signal having an associated first frequency to produce a filtered signal, the wideband polyphase filter having poles corresponding to a first filter frequency and a second filter frequency, the second filter frequency being substantially different than the first filter frequency, wherein the first filter frequency corresponds to a desired signal in the input signal and the second filter frequency corresponds to a spurious component in the input signal; and
a mixer operable to mix the filtered signal with a local-oscillator signal at a second frequency to produce an upconverted signal, the second frequency being substantially an integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The communications circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the first frequency corresponds to a fundamental frequency of an intermediate-frequency local-oscillator signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The communications circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the wideband polyphase filter includes one or more additional poles corresponding to one or more additional filter frequencies, the one or more additional filter frequencies being substantially different than the first and second filter frequencies; and
the one or more additional filter frequencies correspond to one or more additional spurious components in the input signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The communications circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the first filter frequency is substantially equal to the first frequency; and
the second filter frequency is substantially a non-unity integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The communications circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the filtered signal includes an in-phase filtered signal and a quadrature filtered signal;
the local-oscillator signal includes an in-phase local-oscillator signal and a quadrature local-oscillator signal;
the upconverted signal includes an in-phase upconverted signal and a quadrature upconverted signal;
the mixer is operable to mix the in-phase filtered signal with the in-phase local-oscillator signal to produce the in-phase upconverted signal; and
the mixer is further operable to mix the quadrature filtered signal with the quadrature local-oscillator signal to produce the quadrature upconverted signal.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The communications circuit of claim 5, further comprising:
a circuit operable to combine the quadrature upconverted signal and the in-phase upconverted signal to produce an output signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The communications circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the communications circuit is compliant with any of IEEE standards 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11i, 802.11n, and 802.16.

### Claim 8

A communications circuit, comprising:
filtering means for filtering an input signal having an associated first frequency to produce a filtered signal, the filtering means having poles corresponding to a first filter frequency and a second filter frequency, the second filter frequency being substantially different than the first filter frequency, wherein the first filter frequency corresponds to a desired signal in the input signal and the second filter frequency corresponds to a spurious component in the input signal; and
mixing means for mixing the filtered signal with a local-oscillator signal at a second frequency to produce an upconverted signal, the second frequency being substantially an integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The communications circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the first frequency corresponds to a fundamental frequency of an intermediate-frequency local-oscillator signal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The communications circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the filtering means includes one or more additional poles corresponding to one or more additional filter frequencies, the one or more additional filter frequencies being substantially different than the first and second filter frequencies; and
the one or more additional filter frequencies correspond to one or more additional spurious components in the input signal.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The communications circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the first filter frequency is substantially equal to the first frequency; and
the second filter frequency is substantially a non-unity integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The communications circuit of claim 8, wherein:
the filtered signal includes an in-phase filtered signal and a quadrature filtered signal;
the local-oscillator signal includes an in-phase local-oscillator signal and a quadrature local-oscillator signal;
the upconverted signal includes an in-phase upconverted signal and a quadrature upconverted signal;
the mixing means is operable to mix the in-phase filtered signal with the in-phase local-oscillator signal to produce the in-phase upconverted signal; and
the mixing means is further operable to mix the quadrature filtered signal with the quadrature local-oscillator signal to produce the quadrature upconverted signal.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The communications circuit of claim 12, further comprising:
means for combining the quadrature upconverted signal and the in-phase upconverted signal to produce an output signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The communications circuit of claim 9, wherein:
the communications circuit is compliant with any of IEEE standards 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11i, 802.11n, and 802.16.

### Claim 15

A wireless transceiver, comprising:
a transmitter operable to transmit a modulated carrier signal, the transmitter including a communications circuit, the communications circuit comprising:
a wideband polyphase filter operable to filter an input signal having an associated first frequency to produce a filtered signal, the wideband polyphase filter having poles corresponding to a first filter frequency and a second filter frequency, the second filter frequency being substantially different than the first filter frequency, wherein the first filter frequency corresponds to a desired signal in the input signal and the second filter frequency corresponds to a spurious component in the input signal; and
a mixer operable to mix the filtered signal with a local-oscillator signal at a second frequency to produce an upconverted signal, the second frequency being substantially an integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The wireless transceiver of claim 15, wherein:
the first frequency corresponds to a fundamental frequency of an intermediate-frequency local-oscillator signal.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The wireless transceiver of claim 15, wherein:
the wideband polyphase filter includes one or more additional poles corresponding to one or more additional filter frequencies, the one or more additional filter frequencies being substantially different than the first and second filter frequencies; and
the one or more additional filter frequencies correspond to one or more additional spurious components in the input signal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The wireless transceiver of claim 15, wherein:
the first filter frequency is substantially equal to the first frequency; and
the second filter frequency is substantially a non-unity integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 19 (depends on 15)

The wireless transceiver of claim 15, wherein:
the filtered signal includes an in-phase filtered signal and a quadrature filtered signal;
the local-oscillator signal includes an in-phase local-oscillator signal and a quadrature local-oscillator signal;
the upconverted signal includes an in-phase upconverted signal and a quadrature upconverted signal;
the mixer is operable to mix the in-phase filtered signal with the in-phase local-oscillator signal to produce the in-phase upconverted signal; and
the mixer is further operable to mix the quadrature filtered signal with the quadrature local-oscillator signal to produce the quadrature upconverted signal.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The wireless transceiver of claim 19, further comprising:
a circuit operable to combine the quadrature upconverted signal and the in-phase upconverted signal to produce an output signal.

### Claim 21 (depends on 15)

The wireless transceiver of claim 15, wherein:
the wireless transceiver is compliant with any of IEEE standards 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11i, 802.11n, and 802.16.

### Claim 22

A wireless transceiver, comprising:
transmitting means for transmitting a modulated carrier signal, the transmitting means including upconversion means, the upconversion means comprising:
filtering means for filtering an input signal having an associated first frequency to produce a filtered signal, the filtering means having poles corresponding to a first filter frequency and a second filter frequency, the second filter frequency being substantially different than the first filter frequency, wherein the first filter frequency corresponds to a desired signal in the input signal and the second filter frequency corresponds to a spurious component in the input signal; and
mixing means for mixing the filtered signal with a local-oscillator signal at a second frequency to produce an upconverted signal, the second frequency being substantially an integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The wireless transceiver of claim 22, wherein:
the first frequency corresponds to a fundamental frequency of an intermediate-frequency local-oscillator signal.

### Claim 24 (depends on 22)

The wireless transceiver of claim 22, wherein:
the filtering means includes one or more additional poles corresponding to one or more additional filter frequencies, the one or more additional filter frequencies being substantially different than the first and second filter frequencies; and
the one or more additional filter frequencies correspond to one or more additional spurious components in the input signal.

### Claim 25 (depends on 22)

The wireless transceiver of claim 22, wherein:
the first filter frequency is substantially equal to the first frequency; and
the second filter frequency is substantially a non-unity integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 26 (depends on 22)

The wireless transceiver of claim 22, wherein:
the filtered signal includes an in-phase filtered signal and a quadrature filtered signal;
the local-oscillator signal includes an in-phase local-oscillator signal and a quadrature local-oscillator signal;
the upconverted signal includes an in-phase upconverted signal and a quadrature upconverted signal;
the mixing means is operable to mix the in-phase filtered signal with the in-phase local-oscillator signal to produce the in-phase upconverted signal; and
the mixing means is further operable to mix the quadrature filtered signal with the quadrature local-oscillator signal to produce the quadrature upconverted signal.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The wireless transceiver of claim 26, further comprising:
means for combining the quadrature upconverted signal and the in-phase upconverted signal to produce an output signal.

### Claim 28 (depends on 22)

The wireless transceiver of claim 22, wherein:
the wireless transceiver is compliant with any of IEEE standards 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11i, 802.11n, and 802.16.

### Claim 29

A method for reducing spurious components in an upconverted signal, the method comprising:
filtering, using a filter, an input signal having an associated first frequency to produce an in-phase filtered signal and a quadrature filtered signal, the quadrature filtered signal being substantially ninety degrees out of phase with the in-phase filtered signal at a first filter frequency and at a second filter frequency, the second filter frequency being substantially different than the first filter frequency, wherein the first filter frequency corresponds to a desired signal in the input signal and the second filter frequency corresponds to a spurious component in the input signal;
mixing the in-phase filtered signal to a second frequency to produce an in-phase upconverted signal, the second frequency being substantially an integer multiple of the first frequency; and
mixing the quadrature filtered signal to the second frequency to produce a quadrature upconverted signal.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29, wherein:
the first frequency corresponds to a fundamental frequency of an intermediate-frequency local-oscillator signal.

### Claim 31 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29, wherein:
filtering includes filtering the input signal such that the quadrature filtered signal is substantially ninety degrees out of phase with the in-phase filtered signal at one or more additional filter frequencies, the one or more additional filter frequencies being substantially different than the first and second filter frequencies; and
the one or more additional filter frequencies correspond to one or more additional spurious components in the input signal.

### Claim 32 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29, wherein:
the first filter frequency is substantially equal to the first frequency; and
the second filter frequency is substantially a non-unity integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 33 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29, further comprising:
combining the quadrature upconverted signal and the in-phase upconverted signal to produce an output signal.

### Claim 34 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29, wherein:
the method is compliant with any of IEEE standards 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11i, 802.11n, and 802.16.

### Claim 35

A wideband polyphase filter, comprising:
a first filtering section to provide one or more poles corresponding to a first frequency; and
a second filtering section coupled to the first filtering section to provide one or more poles corresponding to a second frequency, the second frequency being substantially different than the first frequency,
wherein the first frequency corresponds to a fundamental frequency of an intermediate-frequency local-oscillator signal; and
the second frequency corresponds to a frequency of a spurious component.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The wideband polyphase filter of claim 35, further comprising:
a third filtering section coupled to the first filtering section and the second filtering section to provide one or more poles corresponding to one or more additional frequencies, the one or more additional frequencies being substantially different than the first and second frequencies,
wherein the one or more additional frequencies correspond to one or more additional spurious components.

### Claim 37

A method for reducing spurious components in an upconverted signal, the method comprising:
first mixing, using a mixing device, an input signal to a first frequency producing an intermediate signal;
thereafter mixing the intermediate signal to a second frequency producing an upconverted signal, the second frequency being substantially different than the first frequency; and
selecting the first frequency and the second frequency such that a spurious component generated in the first mixing falls, when upconverted, on a same frequency as another component in the upconverted signal.

### Claim 38 (depends on 37)

The method of claim 37, wherein:
selecting includes selecting the second frequency to be substantially an integer multiple of the first frequency.

### Claim 39 (depends on 37)

The method of claim 37, where the another component includes an image component associated with the first mixing or the mixing between the intermediate signal and the second frequency.