# US 7,613,072 B2 · System and method for determining directional and non-directional fluid wave and current measurements

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 7,613,072 B2
- Document ID: US7613072B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/057,679
- Filed: 2008-03-28
- Published: 2008-10-02
- Granted: 2009-11-03
- Earliest claimed: 2005-06-29
- Assignees: Nortek Corporation
- Inventors: Atle Lohrmann; Torstein Kanstad Pedersen
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7613072B2

## CPC

- G01C 13/002: {Measuring the movement of open water}
- G01S 15/588: {measuring the velocity vector}
- G01S 7/521: Constructional features
- G01S 15/88: Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications (seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting G01V1/00)
- G01C: MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY (measuring liquid level G01F; radio navigation, determining distance or velocity by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effects, propagation time, of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S)
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES

## Abstract

A system for determining the directional properties of surface waves or internal waves of a fluid medium includes a sonar system having a plurality of transducers for generating respective, separate acoustic beams and receiving echoes from one or more range cells located substantially within the beams; and a computer program for determining the directional properties associated with the surface waves or internal waves from the received echoes, wherein the computer program determines along-beam velocities along the separate acoustic beams and combines the along-beam velocities to form an equivalent orbital velocity vector. The system is mounted on or in a sub surface buoy that can move or rotate during measurement and includes a motion sensor measuring six degrees of freedom to account for horizontal velocity and vertical displacement in the subsurface buoy mounted sonar system.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A subsurface buoy mounted sonar system for determining the directional properties of surface waves or internal waves of a fluid medium, the subsurface buoy mounted sonar system mounted on or in a sub surface buoy that can move or rotate during measurement, comprising:
a sonar system having a plurality of transducers for generating respective, separate acoustic beams and receiving echoes from one or more range cells located substantially within the beams, the plurality of transducers including an Acoustic Surface Tracking (AST) transducer for generating acoustic beams and receiving echoes for making AST measurements;
a motion sensor including at least a three-axis accelerometer measuring acceleration of the subsurface buoy mounted sonar system along three axes (AX, AY, AZ) and a three axes tilt sensor (MX, MY, MZ) to account for horizontal velocity and vertical displacement in the subsurface buoy mounted sonar system;
a computer program executed by a processor for
a) determining, based on the AST measurements, the distance from the system in the fluid medium to a free surface of the fluid medium and an ideal horizontal plane near the free surface of the fluid medium from which to determine the directional properties of surface waves or internal waves of the fluid medium;
b) determining the directional properties associated with the surface waves or internal waves from the received echoes;
c) determining along-beam velocities along the separate acoustic beams; and
d) combining the along-beam velocities to form an equivalent orbital velocity vector at a central location over the AST transducer in the ideal horizontal plane determined by the AST measurements.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the computer program measures system attitude and orientation, combines the measured along-beam velocity with system attitude and orientation measurements, and transforms the equivalent orbital velocity vector to a equivalent orbital velocity in a stationary coordinate system.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the stationary coordinate system is referenced to the geographical or magnetic poles.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the along-beam velocities are determined close to the surface of the fluid medium.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the along-beam velocities are determined at any point between the surface of the fluid medium and the system.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the equivalent orbital velocity vector is combined with acoustic surface tracking (AST) to generate both directional and non-directional wave spectra for the surface waves or internal waves of the fluid medium.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6, wherein the directional properties of the surface waves or internal waves of the fluid medium are derived using “wave triplet analyses”.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the transducers are configured so that the respective, separate acoustic beams are non-symmetric and placed at arbitrary angles.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the transducers are configured so that the respective, separate acoustic beams are slanted relative to a vertical axis.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the transducers are configured so that the respective, separate acoustic beams are positioned in a horizontal plane.

### Claim 11

A method for determining the directional properties of surface waves or internal waves of a fluid medium with a subsurface buoy mounted sonar system, comprising:
mounting the sonar system on or in a sub surface buoy that can move or rotate during measurement;
determining, based on Acoustic Surface Tracking (AST) measurements performed by an AST transducer of the sonar system, a distance from the sonar system in the fluid medium to a free surface of the fluid medium and an ideal horizontal plane near the free surface of the fluid medium from which to determine the directional properties of surface waves or internal waves of the fluid medium;
generating respective, separate acoustic beams;
receiving echoes from one or more range cells located substantially within the beams;
measuring along-beam velocities along the separate acoustic beams;
combining the measured along-beam velocities to form an equivalent orbital velocity vector for the surface waves or internal waves of the fluid medium at a central location over the AST transducer in the ideal horizontal plane determined by the AST measurements;
measuring acceleration of the subsurface buoy mounted sonar system along three axes (AX, AY, AZ) and accounting with a three axes tilt sensor (MX, MY, MZ) for horizontal velocity and vertical displacement in the subsurface buoy mounted sonar system.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further including measuring system attitude and orientation of the sonar system, combining the measured along-beam velocity with system attitude and orientation measurements, and transforming the equivalent orbital velocity vector to a equivalent orbital velocity in a stationary coordinate system.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein the stationary coordinate system is referenced to the geographical or magnetic poles.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein measuring includes measuring the along-beam velocities close to the surface of the fluid medium.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein measuring includes measuring the along-beam velocities at any point between the surface of the fluid medium and the system.

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further including combining the equivalent orbital velocity vector with acoustic surface tracking (AST) to generate both directional and non-directional wave spectra for the surface waves or internal waves of the fluid medium.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, further including deriving the directional properties of the surface waves or internal waves of the fluid medium using wave triplet analyses.

### Claim 18 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein generating includes generating the respective, separate acoustic beams so that the respective, separate acoustic beams are non-symmetric and placed at arbitrary angles.

### Claim 19 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein generating includes generating the respective, separate acoustic beams so that the respective, separate acoustic beams are slanted relative to a vertical axis.

### Claim 20 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein generating includes generating the respective, separate acoustic beams so that the respective, separate acoustic beams are positioned in a horizontal plane.