# US 7,612,540 B2 · Lithium-ion battery diagnostic and prognostic techniques

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- Number: US 7,612,540 B2
- Document ID: US7612540B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 11/552,287
- Filed: 2006-10-24
- Published: 2008-04-24
- Granted: 2009-11-03
- Earliest claimed: 2006-10-24
- Assignees: Honeywell International Inc.
- Inventors: Harmohan N. Singh
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7612540B2

## CPC

- H02J 7/54: Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs
- H01M 10/441: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially}
- H01M 10/482: {for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially}
- G01R 31/388: involving voltage measurements
- G01R 31/396: Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

Embodiments provide a method and a system for determining cell imbalance condition of a multi-cell battery including a plurality of cell strings. To determine a cell imbalance condition, a charge current is applied to the battery and is monitored during charging. The charging time for each cell string is determined based on the monitor of the charge current. A charge time difference of any two cell strings in the battery is used to determine the cell imbalance condition by comparing with a predetermined acceptable charge time difference for the cell strings.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for determining cell imbalance of a battery comprising:
applying a charge current to a battery comprising first and second cell strings;
monitoring the battery charge current in the first and second cell strings;
sensing a first sudden current reduction in the battery charge current;
determining a first cell string charge time in the first cell string;
sensing a second sudden current reduction in the battery charge current;
determining a second cell string charge time in the second cell string;
comparing the first cell string charge time to the second cell string charge time;
determining a charge time difference between the first cell string charge time and the second cell string charge time
determining that a cell imbalance is not present in the battery if the determined charge time difference is less than or equal to a predetermined acceptable charge time difference; and
determining that a cell imbalance is present in the battery if the determined charge time difference is greater than a predetermined acceptable charge time difference.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 further comprising,
disenabling charging of the first cell string if a measured current in the first cell string is higher than or equal to a safe current limit.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 further comprising:
disenabling charging of the second cell string if a measured current in the second cell string is higher than or equal to a safe current limit.

### Claim 4

A method for determining cell imbalance of a battery comprising:
applying a charge current to a battery, wherein the battery comprises a plurality of cell strings;
monitoring the battery charge current;
counting a charge time for every cell of a first cell string of the plurality of cell strings based on sensing a first sudden reduction in the battery charge current, wherein the sudden current reduction indicates a charge completion of one of the first cell string;
counting a charge time for every cell of a second cell string of the plurality of cell strings based on sensing a second sudden reduction in the battery charge current, wherein the sudden current reduction indicates a charge completion of one of the second cell string;
determining a charge time difference between the first and second cell strings of the plurality of cell strings; and
comparing the charge time difference between the first and second cell strings of the plurality of cell strings with a predetermined acceptable charge time difference for the plurality of cell strings of the battery, wherein a condition in which the charge time difference is greater than the predetermined acceptable charge time difference indicates a cell imbalance condition of the battery.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the charge time difference indicates a good battery when said charge time difference is equal to or less than said predetermined acceptable charge time difference.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4 further comprising counting the charge time for every cell string by monitoring a charge current to every individual cell string.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the charge time difference is calculated from an absolute value for a difference of the charge time between any two cell strings of the plurality of cell strings.

### Claim 8 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the charge time is affected by battery conditions, wherein the battery conditions comprise at least a state-of-charge level.

### Claim 9 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, further comprising determining an impending cell imbalance condition by comparing the charge time of one of the plurality of cell strings with an acceptable charge time for the plurality of cell strings.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein said charge time indicates an impending cell imbalance condition when said charge time is shorter than said acceptable charge time.

### Claim 11 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4 further comprising determining a cell imbalance condition at individual cell levels.