# US 7,612,138 B2 · Electromagnetic radiation attenuation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,612,138 B2 - Document ID: US7612138B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/338,527 - Filed: 2006-01-24 - Published: 2006-10-26 - Granted: 2009-11-03 - Earliest claimed: 2005-01-25 - Assignees: International Technology Center - Inventors: Vladimir Lvovich Kuznetsov; Olga Alexander Shenderova - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7612138B2 ## CPC - C09D 179/08: Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors - C09D 5/32: Radiation-absorbing paints {(protection against X-, gamma- or corpuscular radiation G21F)} - C09D 7/61: inorganic - C09D 133/12: Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate - C08K 3/04: Carbon - C08K 3/041: {Carbon nanotubes} - C08K 3/045: {Fullerenes} - C08K 3/046: {Carbon nanorods, nanowires, nanoplatelets or nanofibres} - C08K 2201/011: Nanostructured additives - Y10S 977/734: Fullerenes, i.e. graphene-based structures, such as nanohorns, nanococoons, nanoscrolls or fullerene-like structures, e.g. WS2 or MoS2 chalcogenide nanotubes, planar C3N4, etc. - Y10S 977/742: Carbon nanotubes, CNTs - Y10T 428/263: Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent - C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D) - C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09) - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract An electromagnetic radiation attenuating material or coating consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention uses a binding matrix with an operative quantity of electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles suspended in the binding matrix, wherein, the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise onion-like-carbon (OLC) particles. In other embodiments, freestanding structures, aerosols and powders or suspensions contained within an enclosure provide EM or Radar absorption, particularly in the range of about 500 MHz to about 30 THz. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electromagnetic radiation attenuating material for attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in at least a portion of the frequency range of approximately 500MHz to 30 THz, comprising: a binding matrix; and an operative quantity of electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles suspended in the binding matrix, wherein, the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise onion-like-carbon (OLC) particles. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise greater than 0.5% by weight of the coating in a cured state. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise between 0.1% and 20% by weight of the coating in the cured state. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise between 0.5% and 20% by weight of the coating in a cured state. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the coating in a cured state. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the binding matrix is selected from the group consisting of: a polymer matrix, a paint, an epoxy, polytetrafluoroethelyne, resins, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyimide, acrylics, paints, epoxies, methacrylic, phenolic, silicone, polyester, polystyrene, polyurethane foam (PUF), conducting polymers, vinyl polymers, phenol phormaldehyde, neoprene, rubber, silicone rubber compounds, polypyrrole, polyanilene, polyacetylene, polythiophene, poly-p-phenylene, polyacrylthiophene, poly-p-phenylene-benzo-biz-thiozole (PBT), polymethylmethacrylate, butadieneacrylonitrile, conductive fibers, ceramics, conductive polyethylenes (CPE), polyethyelene compounds with polyisobutylene, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymers, extruded polystyrene foam, and expanded polyvinylchloride. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the binding matrix containing the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles is suitable for application as a coating to a substrate using at least one of an aerosol spray process, an electrostatic spray process, a hot melt spray process, a high velocity high temperature spray process, a thermal spray process, a plasma spray process, an ultrasonic spray process, a fluidized bed process, a dipping process, a painting process, a spin-on process, a wipe-on process, a plasma spraying process, a casting process, a molding process and an injection molding process. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least some of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles encapsulate magnetic nano-particles or contain magnetic impurities. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles have an average size of from about 5 nm to about 1 μm. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the coating has a cured thickness greater than about 10 μm. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least certain of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise agglomerations of OLC particles. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1400K. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1800K. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 2000K. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing at least one of detonation nano-diamond particles and detonation soot. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are functionalized. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles further comprise at least one of carbon nano-tubes, detonation soot, nano-diamonds, carbon onions, fullerenes, carbon black, fiber nano-carbons. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, applied to a substrate as an electromagnetic radiation attenuating coating. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 1, molded or otherwise formed into a freestanding structure having electromagnetic radiation attenuating properties. ### Claim 20 An electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure for absorbing electromagnetic radiation in at least a portion of the frequency range of approximately 500 MHz to 30 THz, comprising: a substrate; a layer of electromagnetic radiation attenuating material covering at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the electromagnetic radiation attenuating material comprises: a binding matrix; and an operative quantity of electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles suspended in the binding matrix, wherein, the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise onion-like-carbon (OLC) particles. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise greater than 0.5% by weight of the coating in a cured state. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise between 0.1% and 20% by weight of the coating in a cured state. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise between 0.5% and 20% by weight of the coating in a cured state. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles comprise between 0.5% and 5% by weight of the coating in a cured state. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 21, wherein the binding matrix is selected from the group consisting of: a polymer matrix, a paint, an epoxy, polytetrafluoroethelyne, resins, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyimide, acrylics, paints, epoxies, methacrylic, phenolic, silicone, polyester, polystyrene, polyurethane foam (PUF), conducting polymers, vinyl polymers, phenol phormaldehyde, neoprene, rubber, silicone rubber compounds, polypyrrole, polyanilene, polyacetylene, polythiophene, poly-p-phenylene, polyacrylthiophene, poly-p-phenylene-benzo-biz-thiozole (PBT), polymethylmethacrylate, butadieneacrylonitrile, conductive fibers, ceramics, conductive polyethylenes (CPE), polyethyelene compounds with polyisobutylene, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymers, extruded polystyrene foam, and expanded polyvinylchloride. ### Claim 26 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the binding matrix containing the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles is suitable for application to a substrate using at least one of an aerosol spray process, an electrostatic spray process, a hot melt spray process, a high velocity high temperature spray process, a thermal spray process, a plasma spray process, an ultrasonic spray process, a fluidized bed process, a dipping process, a painting process, a spin-on process, a wipe-on process, a plasma spraying process, a casting process, a molding process, and an injection molding process. ### Claim 27 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein at least some of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles encapsulate magnetic nano-particles or contain magnetic impurities. ### Claim 28 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles have an average size of from about 5 nm to about 1.0 μm. ### Claim 29 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the substrate comprises an aircraft part. ### Claim 30 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the coating has a cured thickness greater than 10 μm. ### Claim 31 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein at least certain of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise agglomerations of OLC particles. ### Claim 32 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1400K. ### Claim 33 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1800K. ### Claim 34 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 2000K. ### Claim 35 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing at least one of detonation nano-diamond particles and detonation soot. ### Claim 36 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are functionalized. ### Claim 37 (depends on 20) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 20, wherein the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles further comprise at least one of carbon nano-tubes, detonation soot, nano-diamonds, carbon onions, fullerenes, carbon black, fiber nano-carbons. ### Claim 38 An electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure for absorbing electromagnetic radiation in at least a portion of the frequency range of approximately 500 MHz to 30 THz, comprising: an enclosure having walls; a powder or suspension of electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles disposed within and held in place by the walls of the enclosure, wherein, the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise onion-like-carbon (OLC) particles, and where the resulting attenuating structure attenuates electromagnetic radiation in at least a portion of the frequency range of approximately 500 MHz to 30 THz. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein at least some of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles encapsulate magnetic nano-particles or contain magnetic impurities. ### Claim 40 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles have an average size of from about 5 nm to about 1.0 μm. ### Claim 41 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein at least certain of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise agglomerations of OLC particles. ### Claim 42 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1400K. ### Claim 43 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1800K. ### Claim 44 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 2000K. ### Claim 45 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing at least one of detonation nano-diamond particles and detonation soot. ### Claim 46 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are functionalized. ### Claim 47 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles further comprise at least one of carbon nano-tubes, detonation soot, nano-diamonds, carbon onions, fullerenes, carbon black, fiber nano-carbons. ### Claim 48 (depends on 38) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 38, wherein the enclosure comprises a first layer and a second layer of material with the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles disposed therebetween. ### Claim 49 An electromagnetic radiation attenuating material for attenuating electromagnetic radiation in at least a portion of the frequency range of approximately 500 MHz to 30 THz, comprising electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles suspended in an aerosol, wherein, the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise onion-like-carbon (OLC) particles. ### Claim 50 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein at least some of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles encapsulate magnetic nano-particles or contain magnetic impurities. ### Claim 51 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles have an average size of from about 5 nm to about 1.0 μm. ### Claim 52 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein at least certain of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles comprise agglomerations of OLC particles. ### Claim 53 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1400K. ### Claim 54 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 1800K. ### Claim 55 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing nano-diamond particles at temperatures exceeding 2000K. ### Claim 56 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are produced by annealing at least one of detonation nano-diamond particles and detonation soot. ### Claim 57 (depends on 49) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 49, wherein the onion-like-carbon particles are functionalized. ### Claim 58 (depends on 48) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating structure in accordance with claim 48, wherein the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles further comprise at least one of carbon nano-tubes, detonation soot, nano-diamonds, carbon onions, fullerenes, carbon black, fiber nano-carbons. ### Claim 59 (depends on 48) The electromagnetic radiation attenuating material in accordance with claim 48, wherein at least some of the electromagnetic radiation attenuating nano-particles are enclosed within metal shells.