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AssigneeUTC Power Corporation
InventorsThomas Henry Vanderspurt, Fabienne Wijzen, Xia Tang, Miriam P. Leffler, Rhonda R. Willigan, Caroline A. Newman, Rakesh Radhakrishnan, Fangxia Feng, Bruce Leon Laube, Zissis Dardas, Susanne M. Opalka, Ying She
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A homogeneous ceria-based mixed-metal oxide, useful as a catalyst support, a co-catalyst and/or a getter has a relatively large surface area per weight, typically exceeding 150 m2/g, a structure of nanocrystallites having diameters of less than 4 nm, and including pores larger than the nanocrystallites and having diameters in the range of 4 to about 9 nm. The ratio of pore volumes, VP, to skeletal structure volumes, VS, is typically less than about 2.5, and the surface area per unit volume of the oxide material is greater than 320 m2/cm3, for low internal mass transfer resistance and large effective surface area for reaction activity. The mixed metal oxide is ceria-based, includes Zr and or Hf, and is made by a novel co-precipitation process. A highly dispersed catalyst metal, typically a noble metal such as Pt, may be loaded on to the mixed metal oxide support from a catalyst metal-containing solution following a selected acid surface treatment of the oxide support. Appropriate ratioing of the Ce and other metal constituents of the oxide support contribute to it retaining in a cubic phase and enhancing catalytic performance. Rhenium is preferably further loaded on to the mixed-metal oxide support and passivated, to increase the activity of the catalyst. The metal-loaded mixed-metal oxide catalyst is applied particularly in water gas shift reactions as associated with fuel processing systems, as for fuel cells.
A catalyst for facilitating a water gas shift reaction, the catalyst comprising a noble metal on a mixed metal oxide, said mixed metal oxide comprising a homogeneous, nanocrystalline, mixed metal oxide of cerium and at least one other metal constituent selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mo, W, Re, Rh, Sb, Bi, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Ga, Ca, Sr and Ba, said mixed metal oxide having a surface area of at least about 150 m2/g, an average crystallite size less than 4 nm and agglomerated to form a skeletal structure with pores, average pore diameters being greater than 4 nm and normally being greater than the average crystallite size, and wherein the surface area of the skeletal structure per volume of the mixed metal oxide is greater than about 320 m2/cm3.
A catalyst for facilitating a water gas shift reaction, the catalyst comprising a noble metal on a mixed metal oxide, said mixed metal oxide comprising a homogeneous, nanocrystalline, mixed metal oxide of cerium and at least one other metal constituent selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mo, W, Re, Rh, Sb, Bi, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Ga, Ca, Sr and Ba, said mixed metal oxide having a surface area of at least about 150 m2/g, an average crystallite size less than 4 nm and agglomerated to form a skeletal structure with pores, average pore diameters being greater than 4 nm and normally being greater than the average crystallite size, and wherein the surface area of the skeletal structure per volume of the mixed metal oxide is greater than about 320 m2/cm3, the mixed metal oxide having been prepared by a process including:
A catalyst comprising a catalyst metal disposed on a a catalyst support, the catalyst support being a mixed metal oxide comprising a homogeneous, nanocrystalline, mixed metal oxide of cerium and at least one other metal constituent selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mo, W, Re, Rh, Sb, Bi, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Ga, Ca, Sr and Ba, said mixed metal oxide having a surface area of at least about 150 m2/g, an average crystallite size less than 4 nm and agglomerated to form a skeletal structure with pores, average pore diameters being greater than 4 nm and normally being greater than the average crystallite size, and wherein the surface area of the skeletal structure per volume of the mixed metal oxide is greater than about 320 m2/cm3, the catalyst consisting of a highly dispersed metal, including at least a noble metal, loaded on the mixed metal oxide and having a concentration in the range of about 0.1 to about 6.0 percent by weight.
A water gas shift reaction catalyst comprising Re and Pt loaded on to a ceria-based mixed-metal oxide wherein the concentration of Re is in the range of 0.5 to 6.0 wt % and the concentration of Pt is in the range of 0.1 to 6.0 wt % of the ceria-based mixed-metal oxide.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.