# US 7,610,945 B2 · Rare earth-based core constructions for casting refractory metal composites, and related processes > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,610,945 B2 - Document ID: US7610945B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/540,737 - Filed: 2006-09-29 - Published: 2008-04-03 - Granted: 2009-11-03 - Earliest claimed: 2006-09-29 - Assignees: General Electric Company - Inventors: Bernard Patrick Bewlay; Frederic Joseph Klug - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7610945B2 ## CPC - B22C 9/10: Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores {(breaker cores B22C9/084)} - B22C 1/02: characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives - B22C 9/04: Use of lost patterns - B22C 9/12: Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening - B22C: FOUNDRY MOULDING (moulding refractory materials in general B28B) ## Abstract A method of fabricating a core for a ceramic shell mold is disclosed. A porous core body is formed from at least about 50% by weight of at least one rare earth metal oxide. The core body is heated under heating conditions sufficient to provide the core with a density of about 35% to about 80% of its theoretical density. The core body is then infiltrated with a liquid colloid or solution of at least one metal oxide compound, e.g., rare earth metal oxides; silica, aluminum oxide, transition metal oxides, and combinations thereof. The infiltrated core body is then heated to sinter the particles without substantially changing the dimensions of the core body. Mold-core assemblies which include such a core body are also described. A description of processes for casting a turbine component, using the core, is also set forth herein. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of fabricating a core for a mold, comprising the following steps: (a) forming a porous core body according to selected dimensions from a composition comprising a binder and at least about 50% by weight of at least one rare earth metal oxide, based on the total weight of the core body; (b) heating the core body under heating conditions sufficient to remove a substantial portion of the binder and provide the core with a density of about 35% to about 80% of its theoretical density; (c) infiltrating the core body with a liquid colloid or solution which comprises particles of at least one metal oxide compound or precursor thereof, selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal oxides; silica, alumina, transition metal oxides, and combinations thereof; and then (d) heat-treating the particle-infiltrated core body under heating conditions sufficient to sinter the particles without substantially changing the dimensions of the core body. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal oxide of step (a) is selected from the group consisting of yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, erbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, ytterbium oxide, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the composition of step (a) comprises at least about 65% of at least one rare earth metal oxide. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal oxide comprises yttria. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the porous core body of component (a) is formed by a molding process. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the porous core body of component (a) is formed by a process selected from the group consisting of injection molding, transfer molding, compression molding, die pressing, investment casting, coagulation casting, gel casting, slip casting, extrusion, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the core body is heated in step (b) under heating conditions sufficient to provide the core with a density of about 50% to about 75% of its theoretical density. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heat-treatment temperature of step (b) is in the range of about 900° C. to about 1800° C. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (b) is carried out in a furnace. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the binder comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of organometallic liquids; wax-based compositions; thermosetting resins, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal oxides of step (c) are selected from the group consisting of yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, erbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, ytterbium oxide, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the transition metal oxides of step (c) are selected from the group consisting of hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein step (c) comprises infiltration with a liquid colloid. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein step (c) is carried out by immersing the porous core body in the liquid colloid. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the core body treated according to step (b) comprises pores having an average, selected pore-opening size, and the particles in the liquid colloid have an average size smaller than the average pore-opening size, to permit the particles to infiltrate the pores of the core body. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the average size of the particles in the colloid is less than about 1 micron. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the average size of the particles in the colloid is less than about 0.1 micron. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein step (c) comprises infiltration with an aqueous or non-aqueous solution of the infiltrating particles. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the solution comprises a precursor of the material forming the particles. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the solution comprises at least one nitrate, nitrite, acetate, carbonate, stearate, or organometallic compound of the infiltrating particles. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein infiltration step (c) is carried out under conditions which provide at least about 0.5% by weight of the metal oxide within the core body, based on the total weight of the core body. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein infiltration step (c) is carried out under conditions which provide at least about 2% by weight of the metal oxide within the core body. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (d) is sufficient to remove the liquid component of the colloid while the particles remain in the pores, so as to maintain substantially open, surface-connected porosity in the core body. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (d) is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 1200° C. to about 1800° C. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (d) is at least partially carried out after the core body is disposed in a die or a shell mold. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (d) is sufficient to result in the formation of rare earth-silicates. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the mold is a ceramic shell mold. ### Claim 28 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the core body comprises at least about 50% by weight yttria; and the core body is infiltrated in step (c) with an oxide which comprises silica. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The method of claim 28, wherein heat-treatment step (d) is carried out under conditions which convert substantially all silica to at least one yttrium silicate compound. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein the yttrium silicate compound comprises yttrium monosilicate. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) A core for a mold, fabricated by the method of claim 1. ### Claim 32 A method of fabricating a core for a ceramic shell mold, comprising the following steps: (a) forming a porous core body according to selected dimensions from a composition comprising a binder and at least about 75% by weight of yttria, based on the total weight of the core body; (b) heating the core body under heating conditions sufficient to remove a substantial portion of the binder and provide the core with a density of about 50% to about 75% of its theoretical density; (c) infiltrating the core body with a liquid colloid or solution which comprises particles of at least one metal oxide compound or precursor thereof, wherein the metal oxide compound or precursor comprises at least about 50% by weight silica; and then (d) heat-treating the particle-infiltrated core body under heating conditions sufficient to sinter the particles without substantially changing the dimensions of the core body; and to convert substantially all silica to at least one yttrium silicate compound. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the heat-treatment temperature of step (b) is in the range of about 900° C. to about 1800° C.; the heat-treatment temperature of step (d) is in the range of about 1200° C. to about 1800° C.; and the yttrium silicate compound comprises yttrium monosilicate. ### Claim 34 A method for casting a turbine component formed of a refractory metal intermetallic composite (RMIC) material, comprising the following steps: (i) fabricating a core by: (a) forming a porous core body, according to selected dimensions, from a composition comprising a binder and at least about 50% by weight of at least one rare earth metal oxide, based on the total weight of the core body; (b) heating the core body under heating conditions sufficient to remove a substantial portion of the binder and provide the core with a density of about 35% to about 80% of its theoretical density; (c) infiltrating the core body with a liquid colloid or solution which comprises particles of at least one metal oxide compound or precursor thereof, selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal oxides; silica, alumina, transition metal oxides, and combinations thereof; and (d) heat-treating the particle-infiltrated core body under heating conditions sufficient to sinter the particles without substantially changing the dimensions of the core body; (ii) disposing the core in a pre-selected position within a shell mold; (iii) introducing a molten RMIC material into the shell mold; (iv) cooling the molten material, to form the turbine component within the shell mold; (v) separating the shell mold from the turbine component; and (vi) removing the core from the turbine component, so as to form selected interior cavities within the turbine component. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) The method of claim 34, wherein at least a portion of heat-treatment step (i)(d) is carried out between step (ii) and step (iii).