# US 7,610,249 B2 · Method and apparatus for evolutionary design > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,610,249 B2 - Document ID: US7610249B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/229,020 - Filed: 2005-09-16 - Published: 2006-04-13 - Granted: 2009-10-27 - Earliest claimed: 2000-11-10 - Assignees: Affinova, Inc. - Applicants: Larry J. Austin, legal representative; Honor E. McClellan, legal representative - Inventors: Noubar B. Afeyan; Kamal M. Malek; Nigel J. Bufton; Sevan G. Ficici; Howard A. Austin - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7610249B2 ## CPC - G06Q 30/02: Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising - G06F 30/00: Computer-aided design [CAD] - G06N 3/126: Evolutionary algorithms, e.g. genetic algorithms or genetic programming - G06N 7/01: Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks - G06Q 10/101: Collaborative creation, e.g. joint development of products or services - G06F 2111/06: Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA] - G06F 2111/08: Probabilistic or stochastic CAD - G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS ## Abstract The invention involves generating and presenting, typically electronically, a number of design alternatives to persons who are participating in the design, selection, or market research exercise. The participants (referred to as “selectors”) transmit data indicative of their preferences among or between the presented design alternatives, and that data is used to derive a new generation of design alternatives or proposals. The new designs are generated through the use of a computer program exploiting a genetic or evolutionary computational technique. The process is repeated, typically for many iterations or cycles. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of selecting a preferred one or a preferred group of forms of a product, each product form comprising a plurality of attributes, the method comprising the steps of: (a) presenting, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of product forms; (b) obtaining information from a selector about the selector's preference among the presented product forms; (c) using the obtained information to determine a derived group of product forms, each of at least some of the derived product forms comprising a combination of attributes different than the plurality of attributes of each of at least some of the presented product forms; (d) iterating steps (a) through (c), using a derived group from step (c), until a stopping criterion is achieved; and (e) upon achieving the stopping criterion, selecting one or a group of preferred product forms, wherein each of the attributes comprises a structural, functional, stylistic, or economic feature of the product. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the stopping criterion is achieved when the derived group of product forms ceases to change significantly after an iteration. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of which presented product forms are preferred by the selector. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of which presented product forms are not preferred by the selector. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of relative preference of the selector from among the presented product forms. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein the obtained information from step (b) includes information indicative of the confidence of the selector in the selector's preference. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of a rating assigned to at least some of the presented product forms by at least one selector. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of a preference as between a presented product form and a previously presented product form. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein different selectors are presented with different groups of product forms. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein each selector comprises a person or a group of persons. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (c) includes determining the derived group of product forms by selecting the derived group of product forms. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (c) includes determining the derived group of product forms by selecting the derived group of product forms. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein step (c) includes determining the derived group of product forms by generating the derived group of product forms using a computational algorithm. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13 wherein the computational algorithm comprises an evolutionary algorithm. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13 wherein the computational algorithm comprises a genetic algorithm. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein, for each iteration, each selector is presented with a group of product forms substantially different from the groups presented to the other selectors. ### Claim 17 An electronic network comprising computers for use by selectors to express preferences for certain forms of a product, each product form comprising a plurality of attributes, the network being configured to: (a) present one or more groups of product forms to a plurality of selectors; (b) obtain data from a selector indicative of the selector's preference from among the presented product forms; (c) use the obtained data to determine a derived group of product forms, each of at least some of the derived product forms comprising a combination of attributes different than the plurality of attributes of each of at least some of the presented product forms; (d) iterate steps (a) through (c), using a derived group from step (c), until a stopping criterion is achieved; and (e) upon achieving the stopping criterion, output data informing a decision to select one or a group of preferred product forms, wherein each of the attributes comprises a structural, functional, stylistic, or economic feature of the product. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 wherein the stopping criterion comprises convergence of a group of product forms. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 further configured to identify a subset of the plurality of selectors having similarity among expressed product form preferences. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to obtain data indicative of relative preference of the selector from among presented product forms. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to obtain data indicative of the confidence in an expressed selector preference. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to obtain data indicative of a rating assigned to at least some of the presented product forms. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to obtain data from a selector indicative of the selector's preference as between a presented product form and a previously presented product form. ### Claim 24 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to present different selectors with a different group of product forms. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to use a computational algorithm to generate the derived group of product forms. ### Claim 26 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to use selection to assemble the derived group of product forms. ### Claim 27 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to use an evolutionary algorithm to generate the derived group of product forms. ### Claim 28 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 configured to use a genetic algorithm to generate the derived group of product forms. ### Claim 29 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 wherein, for each iteration, any one selector is presented with a group of product forms substantially different from the groups presented to the other selectors. ### Claim 30 (depends on 17) The network of claim 17 further comprising at least one server for performing at least function (c). ### Claim 31 A method of selecting one or more preferred forms of a product, the method comprising the steps of: (a) presenting, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the product forms; (b) obtaining information from a selector about the selector's preference among the presented product forms; (c) using the obtained information to determine one or more derived product forms; (d) repeating steps (a) through (c), using at least some of the one or more derived product forms from step (c), until a stopping condition is met; and (e) upon achieving the stopping condition, selecting one or more of the remaining derived product forms as the one or more preferred product forms, wherein the product comprises a mass produced good, a consumer good, a manufactured good, a service, advertising material, or packaging material. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31 wherein the product comprises apparel, footwear, a computer, a telephone, a chair, a seat, an automobile, a bicycle, a home, a building, a boat hull, or a billboard. ### Claim 33 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of which product forms among the presented product forms are preferred by the selector. ### Claim 34 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of which product forms among the presented product forms are not preferred by the selector. ### Claim 35 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31 wherein different selectors are presented with different groups of product forms. ### Claim 36 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31 wherein each selector comprises a person or a group of persons. ### Claim 37 (depends on 31) The method of claim 31 comprising using a genetic or evolutionary computational technique to determine the derived product forms. ### Claim 38 A system for selecting one or more preferred forms of a product, the method comprising the steps of: (a) means for presenting, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the product forms; (b) means for obtaining information from a selector about the selector's preference among the presented product forms; (c) means for using the obtained information to determine one or more derived product forms; (d) means for repeating the functions of means (a) through (c), using at least some of the one or more derived product forms from step (c), until a stopping condition is met; and (e) means for, upon achieving the stopping condition, selecting one or more of the remaining derived product forms as the one or more preferred product forms, wherein the product comprises a mass produced good, a consumer good, a manufactured good, a service, advertising material, or packaging material. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The system of claim 38 wherein the product comprises apparel, footwear, a computer, a telephone, a chair, a seat, an automobile, a bicycle, a home, a building, a boat hull, or a billboard. ### Claim 40 A system for selecting one or more preferred forms of a product, the system comprising one or more server computers for communicating with a plurality of client computing devices over a computer network, each of the client computing devices being adapted for use by one of a plurality of selectors, the system being configured: to present at least one group of product forms to each of the selectors; to obtain information about the selector's preferences among the presented product forms; to use the obtained information to determine one or more derived product forms; and to repeat the presenting, obtaining, and using functions with at least one of the one or more derived product forms until a stopping condition is met, and then to select one or more of the remaining derived product forms as the one or more preferred product forms, wherein the product comprises a mass produced good, a consumer good, a manufactured good, a service, advertising material, or packaging material. ### Claim 41 (depends on 40) The system of claim 40 wherein the products comprises apparel, footwear, a computer, a telephone, a chair, a seat, an automobile, a bicycle, a home, a building, a boat hull, or a billboard. ### Claim 42 A method of identifying one or more preferred product forms, the method comprising the steps of: (a) presenting, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the product forms; (b) obtaining information from a selector about the selector's preference among the presented product forms; (c) using the obtained information to determine at least one derived group of the product forms; (d) repeating steps (a) through (c), using the at least one derived group from step (c), until a stopping condition is met; and (e) after achieving the stopping condition, identifying one or more of the remaining derived product forms as the one or more preferred product forms, manufacturing at least one of the one or more preferred product forms or a derivative thereof, and effecting a sale of the at least one of the one or more preferred product forms or the derivative thereof. ### Claim 43 (depends on 42) The method of claim 42 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of which product forms among the presented product forms are preferred by the selector. ### Claim 44 (depends on 42) The method of claim 42 wherein step (b) comprises obtaining information indicative of which product forms among the presented product forms are not preferred by the selector. ### Claim 45 (depends on 42) The method of claim 42 wherein different selectors are presented with different groups of product forms. ### Claim 46 (depends on 42) The method of claim 42 wherein each selector comprises a person or a group of persons. ### Claim 47 (depends on 42) The method of claim 42 comprising using a computational technique to determine the at least one derived group of the product forms. ### Claim 48 A system for identifying one or more preferred product forms, the method comprising the steps of: (a) means for presenting, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the product forms; (b) means for obtaining information from a selector about the selector's preference among the presented product forms; (c) means for using the obtained information to generate or select at least one derived group of the product forms; (d) means for repeating the functions of means (a) through (c), using the at least one derived group from step (c), until a stopping condition is met; and (e) means for, after achieving the stopping condition, identifying one or more of the remaining derived product forms as the one or more preferred product forms and effecting a sale of at least one of the one or more preferred product forms. ### Claim 49 A method of identifying a decision object from a plurality of product forms, each product form having a market value, the method comprising the steps of: (a) presenting, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the product forms; (b) obtaining information from a selector about the selector's preference among the presented product forms; (c) using the obtained information to determine a derived group of product forms; and (d) repeating steps (a) through (c), using a derived group from step (c), to arrive at a product form with an optimized market value. ### Claim 50 A method of selecting one or more preferred forms of a product or service, each form of product or service comprising a plurality of attributes, the method comprising the steps of: (a) presenting, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the forms of the product or service; (b) obtaining information from a selector about the selector's preference among the presented forms of the product or service; (c) using the obtained information to determine one or more derived forms of the product or service; (d) iterating steps (a) through (c), using derived forms from step (c), until a stopping criterion is achieved; and (e) upon achieving the stopping criterion, selecting one or a group of preferred forms of the product or service for further development, manufacture, use, or sale. ### Claim 51 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50 wherein each of the attributes comprises a structural, functional, stylistic, or economic feature of the product or service. ### Claim 52 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50 wherein each of the attributes comprises an element of the product or service that is optional. ### Claim 53 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50 wherein each of the attributes comprises an element of the product or service that has many values or many subtypes. ### Claim 54 A plurality of client computers for use in selecting one or more preferred forms of a product or service, each form of product or service comprising a plurality of attributes, each of at least some of the client computers configured to: (a) receive for presentation, to one of a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the forms of the product or service; (b) obtain information from the selector about the selector's preference among the presented forms of the product or service, and transmit at least some of that information to at least one server; (c) receive for presentation to the selector one or more derived forms of the product or service, the one or more derived forms having been determined by use of the transmitted information; (d) iterate functions (a) through (c), using derived forms from (c), until a stopping criterion is achieved by the at least one server; and (e) upon the at least one server achieving the stopping criterion, receive for presentation to the selector one or a group of preferred forms of the product or service for manufacture, use, further development, or sale. ### Claim 55 (depends on 54) The plurality of client computers of claim 54 wherein each of the attributes comprises a structural, functional, stylistic, or economic feature of the product or service. ### Claim 56 (depends on 54) The plurality of client computers of claim 54 wherein each of the attributes comprises an element of the product or service that is optional. ### Claim 57 (depends on 54) The plurality of client computers of claim 54 wherein each of the attributes comprises an element of the product or service that has many values or many subtypes. ### Claim 58 A method conducted by a designer for selecting a preferred one or a preferred group of products or services from a larger population of possible products or services, each of the products or services including a plurality of combinations of attributes, the method comprising causing a third party to: (a) present, over an electronic network, to a plurality of selectors, one or more groups of the products or services; (b) obtain information from a selector expressing a selector preference among the presented products or services; (c) use the information to obtain a derived group of products or services; and (d) iterate actions (a) through (c), using a derived group from step (c), and, upon achieving a stopping criterion, select one or a group of preferred products or services for submission to the designer for further development, manufacture, use, or sale.