# US 7,609,886 B2 · Method and apparatus for dynamic image contrast expansion

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- Number: US 7,609,886 B2
- Document ID: US7609886B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 11/410,041
- Filed: 2006-04-25
- Published: 2007-03-22
- Granted: 2009-10-27
- Earliest claimed: 2005-09-21
- Assignees: Marketech International Corp.
- Inventors: Hsu-Pin Kao; Yi-Sheng Yu; Yi-Chia Shan; Tsan-Hung Tsai
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7609886B2

## CPC

- G09G 5/003: {Details of a display terminal, the details relating to the control arrangement of the display terminal and to the interfaces thereto (specific for a CRT G09G1/165; for a flat panel G09G3/2092)}
- G06T 5/40: using histogram techniques
- G06T 5/92: based on global image properties
- H04N 5/20: Circuitry for controlling amplitude response
- H04N 5/202: Gamma control (circuits for controlling camera response irrespective of the scene brightness H04N23/82)
- G09G 3/2803: {Display of gradations (G09G3/288 takes precedence)}
- G09G 2320/0247: Flicker reduction other than flicker reduction circuits used for single beam cathode-ray tubes
- G09G 2320/0271: Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping
- G09G 2320/0276: for the purpose of adaptation to the characteristics of a display device, i.e. gamma correction
- G09G 2320/066: for control of contrast
- G09G 2360/16: Calculation or use of calculated indices related to luminance levels in display data
- G09G: ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION (arrangements for transferring data between digital computers and displays G06F3/14; static indicating arrangements comprising an association of a number of separate sources or light control cells G09F9/00; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a number of light sources H01J, H01K, H10H, H05B33/12; scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission, details thereof H04N1/00)
- G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

## Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for applying a dynamic contrast expansion technique to plasma display panels through performing a gamma conversion for the inputted image to convert the relationship of the brightness and gray level of the inputted image into a linear relation, performing a subtraction for the gray level value of the image to maintain the image at its smallest color deviation, analyzing the image property histogram to compute the maximum gray level and the minimum gray level required for carrying out the image contrast expansion and obtaining an image contrast expansion gain, and adopting an average of several previously inputted image contrast expansion gains and a current image contrast expansion gain as the contrast expansion gain used in the actual contrast expansion gain formula, so as to compute a new outputted gray level value after the image contrast expansion is performed.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for dynamic image contrast expansion used for processing an inputted image, comprising the steps of:
using an inputted image gamma conversion unit for performing a gamma conversion to said inputted image to convert a relation of brightness and gray level of said inputted image into a linear relation;
using an image dynamic contrast expansion unit for analyzing an image property histogram of said inputted image, and calculating a maximum gray level and a minimum gray level required for computing an image contrast expansion, and using said maximum gray level (max) and said minimum gray level (min) and the following formula:
k
=
255
max
-
min
to obtain an image contrast expansion gain (k);
performing a dynamic contrast expansion according to the following formula:
Gray′=k×(Gray−min),
wherein said contrast expansion gain is an average of a plurality of previously inputted image contrast expansion gains and a current image contrast expansion gain used as a gain for a dynamic contrast expansion formula to compute a new gray level value Gray′ according to the gray level value Gray of said inputted image, after said image contrast expansion is performed.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said different maximum gray levels and minimum gray levels are used to compute corresponding image contrast expansion gains k according to a formula in advance to produce a gain conversion table, such that when said contrast expansion gain, said maximum gray level, and minimum gray levels are used to look up said gain conversion table to directly obtain said contrast expansion gain k.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of:
performing a dynamic contrast expansion according to the following formula:
Gray′=k×(Gray−min),
wherein said minimum gray level is an average of the minimum gray levels of a plurality of previously inputted mages and the minimum gray level of a current image used as a minimum gray level for a dynamic contrast expansion formula to compute a new gray level value after said image contrast expansion is processed.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein said inputted image after going through the operation of said image contrast expansion uses a gamma conversion table that varies according to different contrast expansion gains to perform a gamma value adjustment to a low gray level of said outputted image.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein said inputted image after going through the operation of said image contrast expansion uses a gamma conversion table that varies according to different contrast expansion gains to perform a gamma value adjustment to a low gray level of said outputted image.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein said inputted image after going through the operation of said image contrast expansion and before being outputted to a video display bases on the gamma value of a brightness and a gray level corresponding to said video display for converting the relation of said brightness and gray level of said outputted image, such that the product of the gamma value of said outputted image and the gamma value of said video display is maintained substantially at 1.0.

### Claim 7 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein said inputted image after going through the operation of said image contrast expansion and before being outputted to a video display bases on the gamma value of a brightness and a gray level corresponding to said video display for converting the relation of said brightness and gray level of said outputted image, such that the product of the gamma value of said outputted image and the gamma value of said video display is maintained substantially at 1.0.

### Claim 8

A method of dynamic image contrast expansion used for processing an inputted image, comprising the steps of:
using an inputted image gamma conversion unit for performing a gamma conversion for an inputted image to convert the relation of the brightness and gray level of said inputted image into a linear relation;
using an image dynamic contrast expansion unit for analyzing an image property histogram of said inputted image to compute a maximum gray level and a minimum gray level required for computing an image contrast expansion, and said maximum gray level and said minimum gray level are used in the following formula:
k
=
255
max
-
min
to obtain an image contrast expansion gain k;
and using the following formula for computing a dynamic contrast expansion:
Gray′=k×(Gray−min),
wherein said minimum gray level is an average of the minimum gray levels of a plurality of previously inputted images and the minimum gray level of a current image used as the minimum gray level in a dynamic contrast expansion formula, so as to compute a new gray level value outputted after said image contrast expansion is performed.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein said different maximum gray levels and minimum gray levels are used according to a formula to compute a corresponding image contrast expansion gain k in advance and produce a gain conversion table, such that when said contrast expansion gain is computed, said maximum gray level and said minimum gray level are used to look up said gain conversion table to directly obtain said contrast expansion gain k.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein said inputted image after going through the operation of said image contrast expansion uses a gamma conversion table that varies with said contrast expansion gain to perform a gamma value adjustment to a low gray level of said outputted image.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein said inputted image after going through the operation of said image contrast expansion and before being outputted to a video display, the gamma value corresponding to said brightness and gray level of said video display is used for converting the relation of said brightness and gray level of said outputted image, such that the product of the gamma value of said outputted image and the gamma value of said video display is maintained substantially at 1.0.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein said inputted image after going through the operation of said image contrast expansion and before being outputted to a video display, the gamma value corresponding to said brightness and gray level of said video display is used for converting the relation of said brightness and gray level of said outputted image, such that the product of the gamma value of said outputted image and the gamma value of said video display is maintained substantially at 1.0.

### Claim 13

An apparatus for dynamic image contrast expansion used for processing an inputted image, comprising:
an inputted image gamma conversion unit, for performing a gamma conversion to said inputted image, so that a linear relation exists between the gray level and brightness of said image; and
an image dynamic contrast expansion unit, for analyzing an image property histogram to compute a maximum gray level and a minimum gray level required for computing said image contrast expansion, and then using the following formula to determine an image contrast expansion gain k:
k
=
255
max
-
min
,
wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit comprises an image contrast expansion gain average processing unit, such that if said average processing unit performs a dynamic contrast expansion according to the following formula:
Gray′=k×(Gray−min),
wherein said contrast expansion gain is given by the following formula:
k
out
=
1
N
⁢
∑
i
=
1
N
⁢
k
i
to obtain an average kout of a plurality of previous image contrast expansion gains k1˜kN−1 and a current image contrast expansion gain kNused as a gain in a dynamic contrast expansion formula to compute a new gray level value Gray′ of an outputted image after said image contrast expansion is performed for the gray level value Gray of said inputted image.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
an input image signal smooth processing unit, for performing a smooth process to a video signal used for compiling statistics of said image property histogram.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
an image property histogram statistic compiling unit, for performing a statistic of a pixel number of each gray level value for all pixels of said inputted image after said smooth process is performed.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a maximum and minimum gray level determination processing unit for finding an area by integrating the utmost right side of said image property histogram towards the left side, and if the integrated area reaches a defined critical value, the corresponding gray level value is defined as a maximum gray level, and finding an area by integrating the utmost left side of said image property histogram towards the right side, and if the integrated area reaches a defined critical value, the corresponding gray level value is defined as a minimum gray level.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a gain conversion table for computing a corresponding image contrast expansion coefficient k according various different maximum gray levels and minimum gray levels and a formula and producing said gain conversion table, so that when said maximum gray level and said minimum gray level required for performing a contrast expansion for said inputted image are found, said gain conversion table is looked up directly to obtain a corresponding image contrast expansion coefficient k.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a minimum gray level average processing unit, for performing a dynamic contrast expansion according to the following formula:
Gray′=k×(Gray−min),
wherein said minimum gray level is obtained by the following formula:
min
out
⁢
=
1
N
⁢
∑
i
=
1
N
⁢
min
i
to obtain an average minout of the minimum gray levels min1˜minN−1 of a plurality of previous inputted images and the minimum gray level minN of a current image as a minimum gray level for a dynamic contrast expansion formula to compute a new outputted gray level value after said image contrast expansion is performed.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a dynamic contrast expansion processing unit, for computing a gray level value of said outputted image after said image contrast expansion is performed according to said obtained contrast expansion gain Kout, said minimum gray level Minout, and said gray level value Gray of said video signal, and said dynamic contrast expansion formula.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a dynamic contrast expansion processing unit, for computing a gray level value of said outputted image after said image contrast expansion is performed according to said obtained contrast expansion gain Kout, said minimum gray level Minout, and said gray level value Gray of said video signal, and said dynamic contrast expansion formula.

### Claim 21 (depends on 19)

The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a noise reducing unit for an image at a low gray level, and said noise reducing unit comprises a dynamic gamma conversion table of an image contrast expansion and a dynamic gamma conversion unit, and the gamma value in said conversion table varies according to different contrast expansion gains, and said dynamic gamma conversion unit performs a gamma value adjustment to a mid to low gray level of said image according to said conversion table.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a noise reducing unit for an image at a low gray level, and said noise reducing unit comprises a dynamic gamma conversion table of an image contrast expansion and a dynamic gamma conversion unit, and the gamma value in said conversion table varies according to different contrast expansion gains, and said dynamic gamma conversion unit performs a gamma value adjustment to a mid to low gray level of said image according to said conversion table.

### Claim 23 (depends on 19)

The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a gamma conversion unit of an outputted image such that after said gamma conversion unit performs an image contrast expansion to said inputted image and before said inputted image is inputted to a video display, said gamma conversion unit converts the relation of a brightness and a gray level of said outputted image according to the gamma values corresponding to the brightness and gray level of said video display, and the product of the gamma value of said outputted image and the gamma value of said video display is maintained substantially at 1.0.

### Claim 24 (depends on 20)

The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a gamma conversion unit of an outputted image such that after said gamma conversion unit performs an image contrast expansion to said inputted image and before said inputted image is inputted to a video display, said gamma conversion unit converts the relation of a brightness and a gray level of said outputted image according to the gamma values corresponding to the brightness and gray level of said video display, and the product of the gamma value of said outputted image and the gamma value of said video display is maintained substantially at 1.0.

### Claim 25

An apparatus for dynamic image contrast expansion, used for processing an inputted image, comprising:
a gamma conversion unit of an inputted image, for performing a gamma conversion to said inputted image, such that a linear relation exists between the gray level and brightness of said image; and
an image dynamic contrast expansion unit, for analyzing an image property histogram to compute a maximum gray level and a minimum gray level required for computing an image contrast expansion and uses the following formula to determine an image contrast expansion gain k:
k
=
255
max
-
min
,
wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit comprises an image contrast expansion gain average processing unit, and said average processing unit performs a dynamic contrast expansion according to the following formula:
Gray′=k×(Gray−min),
wherein said minimum gray level (min) is computed by the following formula:
min
out
⁢
=
1
N
⁢
∑
i
=
1
N
⁢
min
i
to obtain an average minout of the minimum gray levels min1˜minN−1 of a plurality of previous inputted images and the minimum gray level minN of a current image as a minimum gray level for a dynamic contrast expansion formula and compute a new outputted gray level value after said image contrast expansion is performed.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The apparatus of claim 25, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
an inputted video signal smooth processing unit, for performing a smooth process to a video signal used for compiling a statistic for said image property histogram.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
an image property histogram statistic compiling unit, for carrying out a statistic of pixels for each gray level value of all pixels on an imputed image after said smooth process is performed.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a maximum and minimum gray level determination processing unit for performing an integration from the utmost right side of said image property histogram towards the left side to obtain an area, and if said area reaches a defined critical value, the corresponding gray level value is defined as a maximum gray level or performing an integration from the utmost left side of said image property histogram towards the right side to obtain an area, and if said area reaches a defined critical value, the corresponding gray level value is defined as a minimum gray level.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a gain conversion table, for computing the corresponding image contrast expansion coefficient k according to said different maximum gray levels and minimum gray levels and the formula, and said image contrast expansion coefficient k is used to produce said gain conversion table, so that if said maximum gray level and said minimum gray level required for performing a contrast expansion for said image are computed, said gain conversion table will be looked up directly to obtain said corresponding image contrast expansion coefficient k.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said image dynamic contrast expansion unit further comprises:
a dynamic contrast expansion processing unit, for computing an image gray level value Gray′ after said image dynamic contrast expansion is processed according to said obtained contrast expansion gain Kout, minimum gray level Minout and gray level value Gray of said video signal and said dynamic contrast expansion formula.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising a noise reducing unit for an image at a low gray level, and said noise reducing unit comprises a dynamic gamma conversion table of an image contrast expansion and a dynamic gamma conversion unit, and the gamma in said conversion table varies according to different contrast expansion gains, and said gamma conversion unit performs a gamma adjustment to the images at a mid and low gray level according to said conversion table.

### Claim 32 (depends on 31)

The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising a gamma conversion unit of an outputted image, such that after said gamma conversion unit performs an image contrast expansion to said inputted image and before said inputted image is inputted to a video display, the relation of brightness and gray level of said outputted image is converted according to the gamma values of corresponding brightness and gray level of said video display, and the product of the gamma value of said outputted image and the gamma value of said video display is maintained substantially at 1.0.