# US 7,609,724 B1 · Enhanced frame aggregation in a wireless network system

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- Number: US 7,609,724 B1
- Document ID: US7609724B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 11/413,953
- Filed: 2006-04-28
- Granted: 2009-10-27
- Earliest claimed: 2005-04-29
- Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Inventors: Guido Robert Frederiks; Vincent K. Jones; Alireza Raissinia
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7609724B1

## CPC

- H04J 3/1629: {Format building algorithm}
- H04L 1/0072: {Error control for data other than payload data, e.g. control data}
- H04L 1/0079: {Formats for control data (H04L1/16 takes precedence; training sequences H04L25/00 and H04L27/00)}
- H04W 28/06: Optimizing {the usage of the radio link}, e.g. header compression, information sizing {, discarding information (system modifying transmission characteristic according to link quality by modifying frame length H04L1/0007; dynamic adaptation of the packet size for flow control or congestion control H04L47/365)}
- H04L 1/0061: {Error detection codes}
- H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

Variable-length information-containing frames (e.g., MPDUs) are aggregated into a bitstream using frame delimiters to distinguish the frames. Aggregation and frame extraction techniques are provided that support recovery from bit errors that may be present in a frame delimiter. One class of techniques involves providing redundant length information in the frame delimiters, e.g., by using multiple copies of a length field or error correction codes usable to correct errors in the length field. The receiver can use the redundant information to detect and correct errors in the length field. Another receiver-side technique iteratively attempts to locate the end of the corresponding frame when a corrupt frame delimiter is detected. Conventional synchronization fields may be eliminated.

## Claims

### Claim 1

In a wireless communication system having a transmitter and a receiver, a method for transmitting information from the transmitter to the receiver, the method comprising:
defining a plurality of information-containing frames to be transmitted, the frames being of variable length;
for each of the plurality of frames, creating a corresponding frame delimiter, wherein each frame delimiter comprises two copies of a length field containing a length value for the corresponding frame;
wherein each frame delimiter further includes first and second validation fields associated respectively with the two copies of the length field, the validation field containing validation data usable by a receiver to individually validate the copies of the length field so that one invalid copy of the length field does not prevent receiving the information-containing frame; and
arranging the frames and frame delimiters into an aggregated frame such that each frame is preceded by the corresponding frame delimiter, wherein the aggregated frame is transmitted by the transmitter to the receiver.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein each copy of the validation field immediately follow one of the copies of the length field.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 wherein the validation data includes cyclic redundancy check data.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1,
wherein the frame delimiter further comprises two copies of another length field containing another length value of a second frame and corresponding validity fields of the plurality of frames and corresponding validity fields for each copy.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4 wherein the frame delimiter corresponding to the second frame further comprises two copies of an additional length field containing an additional length value of a third frame of the plurality of frames.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4 wherein a frame delimiter corresponding to a last frame of the plurality of frames comprises a copies of a further length field containing a further length value of the last frame and corresponding validity fields and comprises copies of another additional length field and corresponding validity fields containing a zero length value.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing the number of length fields and validity fields for each frame delimiter in response to determining that a retransmission avoidance benefit exists at a transmission error rate.

### Claim 8

In a wireless communication system having a transmitter and a receiver, a method for receiving information at the receiver from the transmitter, the method comprising:
receiving a bitstream including a plurality of information-containing frames, the frames being of variable length, each of the frames being preceded by a corresponding one of a plurality of frame delimiters;
extracting from a first frame delimiter of the plurality of frame delimiters, corresponding to a first frame of the plurality of frames, first and second copies of a length value;
detecting a first and second length field within the first field delimiters containing the length value for the first frame and detecting a first and second validity field respectively corresponding to the first and second length fields, the validation fields containing validation data usable to individually validate the copies of the length field;
determining at least one of the first and second the length fields are valid based upon their respective validity field; and
identifying a bit in the bitstream subsequent to the candidate frame as a first bit of a next frame delimiter based upon the validated length field.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a bitstream including a plurality of information-containing frames, the frames being of variable length, each of the frames being preceded by a corresponding one of a plurality of frame delimiters;
extracting from a first frame delimiter of the plurality of frame delimiters, corresponding to a first frame of the plurality of frames, a length value and a validation value; using the validation value to determine whether the length value is corrupted; and
in the event that both the first and second length values are corrupted:
identifying, as a candidate frame, a first number of sequential bits in the bitstream subsequent to the first frame delimiter;
performing a frame validation test on the candidate frame; and
in the event that the frame validation test validates the candidate frame, identifying a bit in the bitstream subsequent to the candidate frame as a first bit of a next frame delimiter.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 wherein the frame validation test includes:
selecting a fixed number of bits from one end of the candidate frame as validation bits representing a validation value;
computing a validation function using the bits of the candidate frame other than the validation bits; and
comparing the validation function to the validation value,
wherein the candidate frame is validated in the event that the validation function matches the validation value.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9 further comprising, in the event that the frame validation test does not validate the candidate frame:
identifying, as a new candidate frame, a second number of sequential bits in the bitstream subsequent to the first frame delimiter, the second number being different from the first number;
performing a frame validation test on the new candidate frame; and
in the event that the frame validation test validates the new candidate frame, identifying a bit in the bitstream subsequent to the new candidate frame ending bit as a first bit of a next frame delimiter.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the validation function is a cyclic redundancy check function.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining that the first and second length fields can be validated with the corresponding validity field;
determining that the first and second validity fields are not identical;
determining whether the first length field can be validated with the second validity field; and
determining whether the second length field can be validated with the first validity field.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, further comprising determining that the field delimiter further comprises copies of another length field containing another length value of a second frame of the plurality of frames and corresponding validity fields for each copy.