# US 7,609,277 B2 · Method and apparatus for spatial and temporal dithering > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,609,277 B2 - Document ID: US7609277B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/611,299 - Filed: 2006-12-15 - Published: 2007-12-06 - Granted: 2009-10-27 - Earliest claimed: 2006-05-31 - Assignees: Texas Instruments Incorporated - Inventors: Jean Noel; Franck Seigneret - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7609277B2 ## CPC - G09G 5/02: characterised by the way in which colour is displayed {(details of colour display specific for CRTs G09G1/28; specific for flat matrix panels other than liquid crystal displays G09G3/2003; specific for liquid crystal displays G09G3/3607)} - G09G 3/2055: {the pattern being varied in time} - G09G: ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION (arrangements for transferring data between digital computers and displays G06F3/14; static indicating arrangements comprising an association of a number of separate sources or light control cells G09F9/00; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a number of light sources H01J, H01K, H10H, H05B33/12; scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission, details thereof H04N1/00) ## Abstract An apparatus and method for spatially and temporally dithering pixels. A pixel comprising at least one color component of a first size is provided. A dither addend is determined based on the display position of the pixel. The dither addend is added to the color component, and the color component is rounded to a second size. In one embodiment, a first frame may be provided for displaying the first pixel, the dither addend corresponding to the first frame. One or more additional frames for displaying the first pixel are provided, and one or more additional dither addends corresponding to the first pixel in the additional frames may be determined. The dither addend is different from the additional dither addends, and the additional dither addends are different from each other. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method performed by a dithering device to reduce the size of a pixel, the method comprising: determining by the dithering device a dither addend for a color component of the pixel based on a frame number of a frame comprising the pixel by determining a filter value as the frame number modulo a number of dither addend formulas available for determining dither addends, and determining the dither addend based on a dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas selected using the filter value; adding the dither addend to the color component; and rounding the color component to reduce a size of the color; and wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is four, if the frame number modulo four is zero, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a first dither addend formula, if the frame number modulo four is one, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a second dither addend formula, if the frame number modulo four is two, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a third dither addend formula, and if the frame number modulo four is three, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a fourth digital addend formula. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining a dither addend further comprises determining the dither addend based on a display position of the pixel in the frame. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining a dither addend further comprises calculating the dither addend as a binary value selected responsive to the frame number from a group consisting of: a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the first pixel added to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical position of the pixel, a least significant bit of a complement of the vertical display position of the pixel added to the one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel, a least significant bit of a complement of the horizontal display position of the pixel added to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the complement of the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel, and the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel added to the one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the complement of the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining a dither addend further comprises determining the dither addend based on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the pixel. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is one, the dither addend is a binary value determined by adding a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the pixel to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an XOR function on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical position of the pixel. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is two, if the frame number is an even number, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a first dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas, and if the frame number is an odd number, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a second dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas. ### Claim 7 An apparatus comprising: a processor; and a memory storing software instructions, wherein when executed by the processor, the software instructions cause the apparatus to perform a method comprising: determining a dither addend for a color component of a pixel based on a frame number of a frame comprising the pixel by determining a filter value as the frame number modulo a number of dither addend formulas available for determining dither addends, and determining the dither addend based on a dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas selected using the filter value; adding the dither addend to the color component; and rounding the color component to reduce a size of the color component; and wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is one, the dither addend is a binary value determined by adding a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the pixel to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an XOR function on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical position of the pixel. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein determining a dither addend further comprises determining the dither addend based on a display position of the pixel in the frame. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein determining a dither addend further comprises determining the dither addend based on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the pixel. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is two, if the frame number is an even number, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a first dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas, and if the frame number is an odd number, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a second dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas. ### Claim 11 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is four, if the frame number modulo four is zero, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a first dither addend formula, if the frame number modulo four is one, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a second dither addend formula, if the frame number modulo four is two, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a third dither addend formula, and if the frame number modulo four is three, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a fourth digital addend formula. ### Claim 12 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the dither addend formulas comprise one or more formulas from a group consisting of: a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the first pixel added to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical position of the pixel, a least significant bit of a complement of the vertical display position of the pixel added to the one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel, a least significant bit of a complement of the horizontal display position of the pixel added to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the complement of the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel, and the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel added to the one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the complement of the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel. ### Claim 13 A system comprising: a processor; a memory operatively connected to the processor; and a dithering device operatively coupled to the processor and the memory, wherein the dithering device is operable to reduce a size of each pixel in a frame by: determining a dither addend for the color components of the pixel based on a frame number of the frame by determining a filter value as the frame number modulo a number of dither addend formulas available for determining dither addends and determining the dither addend based on a dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas selected using the filter value; adding the dither addend to each color component of the pixel; truncating each color component after adding the dither addend; and generating the pixel using the truncated color; and wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is two, if the frame number is an even number, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a first dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas, and if the frame number is an odd number, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a second dither addend formula of the dither addend formulas. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein after the pixel is generated using the truncated color components, the pixel is stored in the memory. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein after the pixel is generated using the truncated color components, the pixel is displayed on a display device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein determining a dither addend further comprises determining the dither addend based on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the pixel. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is one, the dither addend is a binary value determined by adding a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the pixel to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an XOR function on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical position of the pixel. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein when the number of dither addend formulas is four, if the frame number modulo four is zero, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a first dither addend formula, if the frame number modulo four is one, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a second dither addend formula, if the frame number modulo four is two, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a third dither addend formula, and if the frame number modulo four is three, the dither addend is a binary value determined based on a fourth digital addend formula. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the dither addend formulas comprise one or more formulas from a group consisting of: a least significant bit of a vertical display position of the first pixel added to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on a least significant bit of a horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical position of the pixel, a least significant bit of a complement of the vertical display position of the pixel added to the one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel, a least significant bit of a complement of the horizontal display position of the pixel added to a one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the complement of the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel, and the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel added to the one-bit-left-shifted result of an exclusive or (XOR) function on the complement of the least significant bit of the horizontal display position of the pixel and the least significant bit of the vertical display position of the pixel.