# US 7,609,157 B2 · Antenna proximity determining system utilizing bit error rate > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,609,157 B2 - Document ID: US7609157B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/841,051 - Filed: 2007-08-20 - Published: 2009-02-26 - Granted: 2009-10-27 - Earliest claimed: 2007-08-20 - Assignees: Radio Systems Corporation - Inventors: Scott A. McFarland - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7609157B2 ## CPC - A01K 15/023: {Anti-evasion devices} - A01K: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS ## Abstract Described is an antenna proximity determining system for determining the location of an animal with respect to a transmitting antenna utilizing the bit error rate corresponding to a signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna and received by a receiver unit carried by the animal and for delivering a stimulus to the animal based on its location with respect to the antenna. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An antenna proximity determining system, said antenna proximity determining system comprising: a transmitter unit including a transmitting antenna, said transmitter unit generating a digital signal including at least one data word encoded using forward error correction coding, said transmitter unit transmitting the digital signal by way of the transmitting antenna such that the digital signal is an attenuating field radiating from the transmitting antenna, each of the at least one data word being transmitted at a respective data transmission rate, the digital signal indicating the respective data transmission rate corresponding to each of the at least one data word; and a receiver unit adapted to be carried by the animal, said receiver unit receiving the digital signal, decoding the at least one data word, and noting the respective number of bit errors detected for each of the at least one data word, the respective number of bit errors detected for each of the at least one data word and the respective data transmission rate corresponding to each of the at least one data word defining a plurality of zones, said receiver unit delivering a stimulus to the animal when the receiver unit is within at least one of the plurality of zones. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the transmitting antenna includes at least one coil. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the transmitting antenna includes a single wire that defines a boundary. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the digital signal includes a first data word and a second data word, the first data word being transmitted at a low data transmission rate, the second data word being transmitted at a high data transmission rate, whereby the high data transmission rate is faster than the low data transmission rate. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 4 wherein the respective number of bit errors detected for the first data word and the second data word and the respective data transmission rate corresponding to the first data word and the second data word define a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, and a fourth zone. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the digital signal includes a first data word, a second data word, a third data word, and a fourth data word, the first data word and the second data word being transmitted at a low data transmission rate, the third data word and the fourth data word being transmitted at a high data transmission rate, whereby the high data transmission rate is faster than the low data transmission rate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 6 wherein the respective number of bit errors detected for the first data word, the second data word, the third data word, and the fourth data word and the respective data transmission rate corresponding to the first data word, the second data word, the third data word, and the fourth data word define a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, and a fourth zone. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the digital signal includes a first data word, a second data word, and a third data word, the first data word being transmitted at a first data transmission rate, the second data word being transmitted at a second data transmission rate, the third data word being transmitted at a third data transmission rate, whereby the first data transmission rate is slower than the second data transmission rate, which is slower than the third data transmission rate. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 8 wherein the respective number of bit errors detected for the first data word, the second data word, and the third data word and the respective data transmission rate corresponding to the first data word, the second data word, and the third data word define a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, a fourth zone, and a fifth zone. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the digital signal includes a sync word. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 10 wherein the sync word precedes the at least one data word within the digital signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 11 wherein the sync word indicates the respective data transmission rate corresponding to each of the at least one data word. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 10 wherein the sync word indicates the current mode of operation of said antenna proximity determining system. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 10 wherein the sync word indicates the current stimulus scheme employed by said antenna proximity determining system. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the digital signal includes a preamble. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein said receiver unit calculates a bit error rate over a period of time, whereby said receiver unit receives multiple digital signals within the period of time. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 1 wherein the at least one data word is encoded using a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (15,7,1) algorithm. ### Claim 18 An antenna proximity determining system, said antenna proximity determining system comprising: a transmitter unit including a signal generator, a signal modulator, and a transmitting antenna, the signal generator being in electrical communication with the signal modulator, the signal modulator being in electrical communication with the transmitting antenna, the signal generator generating a digital signal that includes at least one data word encoded using forward error correction coding, the signal modulator generating a modulated digital signal by modulating a carrier signal with the digital signal, the transmitting antenna wirelessly transmitting the modulated digital signal, each of the at least one data word being transmitted at a respective data transmission rate, the digital signal indicating the respective data transmission rate corresponding to each of the at least one data word; and a receiver unit including a receiving antenna, a demodulator module, a decoder module, and at least one stimulus generator, the receiving antenna being in electrical communication with the demodulator module, the demodulator module being in electrical communication with the decoder module, the decoder module being in electrical communication with the at least one stimulus generator, the receiving antenna being responsive to the modulated digital signal to the extent that the demodulator module receives the modulated digital signal, the demodulator module demodulates the modulated digital signal such that the decoder module receives the digital signal, the decoder module decodes the at least one data word and notes the respective number of bit errors detected for each of the at least one data word, the respective data transmission rate corresponding to each of the at least one data word and the respective number of bit error detected for each of the at least one data word defining a plurality of zones, the decoder module activating one of the at least one stimulus generator when the respective data transmission rate corresponding to each of the at least one data word and the respective number of bit errors detected for each of the at least one data word indicate that the receiver unit is within at least one of the plurality of zones, the at least one stimulus generator delivering a stimulus to the animal when activated. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 18 wherein the transmitting antenna includes at least one coil. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 18 wherein the transmitting antenna includes a single wire that defines a boundary. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 18 wherein the signal modulator modulates the digital signal using frequency modulation. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 21 wherein the signal modulator modulates the digital signal using frequency shift keying. ### Claim 23 (depends on 18) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 18 wherein the digital signal induces a voltage across the receiving antenna. ### Claim 24 (depends on 18) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 18 wherein the at least one data word includes a first data word and a second data word, the first data word being transmitted at a first data transmission rate and the second data word being transmitted at a second data transmission rate, the first data transmission rate being slower than the second data transmission rate. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 24 wherein the at least one stimulus generator includes a first stimulus generator and a second stimulus generator. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 25 wherein the decoder module does not activate the at least one stimulus generator when the number of bit errors detected for the first data word is zero and the number of bit errors detected for the second data word is zero, the decoder module activates the first stimulus generator when the number of bit errors detected for the first data word is zero and the number of bit errors detected for the second data word is greater than zero, the decoder module activates the second stimulus generator when the number of bit errors detected for the first data word is greater than zero and the number of bit errors detected for the second data word is greater than zero, the decoder module does not activate the at least one stimulus generator when the receiving antenna does not respond to the digital signal. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 25 wherein the decoder module does not activate the at least one stimulus generator when the receiving antenna does not respond to the digital signal, the decoder module does not activate the at least one stimulus generator when the number of bit errors detected for the first data word is greater than zero and the number of bit errors detected for the second data word is greater than zero, the decoder module activates the first stimulus generator when the number of bit errors detected for the first data word is zero and the number of bit errors detected for the second data word is greater than zero, the decoder module activates the second stimulus generator when the number of bit errors detected for the first data word is zero and the number of bit errors detected for the second data word is zero. ### Claim 28 (depends on 25) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 25 wherein the first stimulus generator delivers a warning stimulus to the animal. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 28 wherein the first stimulus generator delivers an audible stimulus to the animal. ### Claim 30 (depends on 25) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 25 wherein the second stimulus generator delivers a correction stimulus to the animal. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 30 wherein the second stimulus generator delivers an electrical stimulus to the animal. ### Claim 32 (depends on 24) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 24 wherein the respective number of bit errors detected for the first data word and the second data word and the respective data transmission rate corresponding to the first data word and the second data word define a first zone, a second zone, a third zone, and a fourth zone. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 32 wherein the at least one stimulus generator includes a first stimulus generator and a second stimulus generator. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 33 wherein the decoder module does not activate the at least one stimulus generator when the receiver unit is within the first zone, the decoder module activates the first stimulus generator when the receiver unit is within the second zone, the decoder module activates the second stimulus generator when the receiver unit is within the third zone. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 33 wherein the decoder module does not activate the at least one stimulus generator when the receiver unit is within the third zone, the decoder module activates the first stimulus generator when the receiver unit is in the second zone, the decoder module activates the second stimulus generator when the receiver unit is within the first zone. ### Claim 36 An antenna proximity determining system, said antenna proximity determining system comprising: a transmitter unit generating a digital signal, the digital signal including a sync word, a first data word, and a second data word, the sync word indicating the respective data transmission rate corresponding the first data word and the second data word, the sync word preceding the first data word and the second data word within the digital signal, the first data word preceding the second data word within the digital signal, said transmitter unit encoding the first data word and the second data word using forward error correction coding, said transmitter unit transmitting the sync word and the first data word at a low data transmission rate, said transmitter unit transmitting the second data word at a high data transmission rate, said transmitter unit wirelessly transmitting the digital signal as an attenuating field; and a receiver unit adapted to be carried by the animal, said receiver unit receiving and detecting the digital signal, said receiver unit decoding the first data word and noting the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word, said receiver unit decoding the second data word and noting the number of detected bit errors associated with the second data word, said receiver unit not delivering a stimulus to the animal when the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word is zero and the number of detected bit errors associated with the second data word is zero, said receiver unit delivering a first stimulus to the animal when the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word is zero and the number of detected bit errors associated with the second data word is greater than zero, said receiver unit delivering a second stimulus to the animal when the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word is greater than zero and the number of detected bit errors associated with the seconded data word is greater than zero. ### Claim 37 (depends on 36) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 36 wherein said receiver unit detects the digital signal by matching the sync word with a valid word stored at said receiver unit. ### Claim 38 (depends on 36) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 36 wherein the sync word indicates the definition of the first stimulus and the second stimulus. ### Claim 39 (depends on 36) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 36 wherein the first stimulus is defined as a warning stimulus. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 39 wherein the first stimulus is defined as an audible stimulus. ### Claim 41 (depends on 36) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 36 wherein the second stimulus is defined as a correction stimulus. ### Claim 42 (depends on 41) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 41 wherein the second stimulus is defined as an electrical stimulus. ### Claim 43 (depends on 36) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 36 wherein said receiver unit does not deliver a stimulus to the animal when the receiver unit does not detect the digital signal. ### Claim 44 An antenna proximity determining system, said antenna proximity determining system comprising: a transmitter unit generating a digital signal, the digital signal including a sync word, a first data word, and a second data word, the sync word indicating the respective data transmission rate corresponding the first data word and the second data word, the sync word preceding the first data word and the second data word within the digital signal, the first data word preceding the second data word within the digital signal, said transmitter unit encoding the first data word and the second data word using forward error correction coding, said transmitter unit transmitting the sync word and the first data word at a low data transmission rate, said transmitter unit transmitting the second data word at a high data transmission rate, said transmitter unit wirelessly transmitting the digital signal as an attenuating field; and a receiver unit adapted to be carried by the animal, said receiver unit receiving and detecting the digital signal, said receiver unit decoding the first data word and noting the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word, said receiver unit decoding the second data word and noting the number of detected bit errors associated with the second data word, said receiver unit not delivering a stimulus to the animal when the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word is greater than zero and the number of detected bit errors associated with the second data word is greater than zero, said receiver unit delivering a first stimulus to the animal when the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word is zero and the number of detected bit errors associated with the second data word is greater than zero, said receiver unit delivering a second stimulus to the animal when the number of detected bit errors associated with the first data word is zero and the number of detected bit errors associated with the second data word is zero. ### Claim 45 (depends on 44) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 44 wherein said receiver unit detects the digital signal by matching the sync word with a valid word stored at said receiver unit. ### Claim 46 (depends on 44) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 44 wherein the sync word indicates the definition of the first stimulus and the second stimulus. ### Claim 47 (depends on 44) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 44 wherein the first stimulus is defined as a warning stimulus. ### Claim 48 (depends on 47) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 47 wherein the first stimulus is defined as an audible stimulus. ### Claim 49 (depends on 44) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 44 wherein the second stimulus is defined as a correction stimulus. ### Claim 50 (depends on 49) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 49 wherein the second stimulus is defined as an electrical stimulus. ### Claim 51 (depends on 44) The antenna proximity determining system of claim 44 wherein said receiver unit does not deliver a stimulus to the animal when the receiver unit does not detect the digital signal.