# US 7,608,965 B2 · Field controlled axial flux permanent magnet electrical machine > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,608,965 B2 - Document ID: US7608965B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/218,316 - Filed: 2005-09-01 - Published: 2007-03-01 - Granted: 2009-10-27 - Earliest claimed: 2005-09-01 - Assignees: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation - Inventors: Metin Aydin; Thomas A. Lipo; Surong Huang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7608965B2 ## CPC - H02K 21/24: with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos - H02K 1/2796: where both axial sides of the rotor face a stator - H02K: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H53/00; conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power {H03K3/53}) ## Abstract An electrical machine is provided. The machine includes at least one rotor mounted for rotation about a central axis and at least two stator sections mounted axially adjacent to and on opposite sides of the rotor. The rotor includes two circumferentially arrayed rows of alternating segments of permanent magnet and ferromagnetic pole pieces. One of the rows is spaced radially inwardly from the other row. The permanent magnet and ferromagnetic pole pieces are separated by a non-ferromagnetic material. The pole pieces are arranged so that the permanent magnet segments in the first row are radially adjacent to ferromagnetic segments in the second row so that the N-S magnetic fields of the permanent magnet segments are aligned axially. Each stator section includes a ferromagnetic stator frame, at least a first AC winding wound in circumferential slots in the stator frame, and a DC field winding wound on the stator frame. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electrical machine, comprising: a first rotor mounted for a rotation about a central axis, the first rotor comprising a first row arranged circumferentially, the first row comprising a first plurality of permanent magnets and a first plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the first plurality of permanent magnets and the first plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence and separated by a first non-ferromagnetic material; and a second row arranged circumferentially with the second row spaced radially inwardly from the first row, the second row comprising a second plurality of permanent magnets and a second plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the second plurality of permanent magnets and the second plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence and separated by a second non-ferromagnetic material; wherein the first plurality of permanent magnets are radially adjacent to the second plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, and further wherein the first plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to have an opposite polarity of the second plurality of permanent magnets; a first stator mounted axially adjacent to a first side of the first rotor, the first stator including a first ferromagnetic stator frame; a first AC winding wound on the first ferromagnetic stator frame; and a first DC field winding wound in circumferential slots in the first ferromagnetic stator frame; a second stator mounted axially adjacent to a second side of the first rotor, the second side of the first rotor opposite the first side of the first rotor, the second stator including a second ferromagnetic stator frame; a second AC winding wound on a first side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; a second DC field winding wound in circumferential slots in the first side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; a third AC winding wound on a second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame, the second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame opposite the first side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; and a third DC field winding wound in circumferential slots in the second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; a second rotor axially adjacent to the second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame mounted for a rotation about the central axis, the second rotor comprising a third row arranged circumferentially, the third row comprising a third plurality of permanent magnets and a third plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the third plurality of permanent magnets and the third plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence and separated by a third non-ferromagnetic material; and a fourth row arranged circumferentially with the fourth row spaced radially inwardly from the third row, the fourth row comprising a fourth plurality of permanent magnets and a fourth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the fourth plurality of permanent magnets and the fourth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence and separated by a fourth non-ferromagnetic material; wherein the third plurality of permanent magnets are radially adjacent to the fourth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, and further wherein the third plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to have an opposite polarity of the fourth plurality of permanent magnets; and a third stator mounted axially adjacent the second rotor opposite the second stator, the third stator including a fourth ferromagnetic stator frame; a fourth AC winding wound on the fourth ferromagnetic stator frame; and a fourth DC field winding wound in circumferential slots in the fourth ferromagnetic stator frame; wherein the first plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to have an opposite polarity of the third plurality of permanent magnets. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the non-magnetic material of the rotor is selected from the group consisting of aluminum and epoxy. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the permanent magnet segments are formed of NdFeB. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the permanent magnet segments are formed of SmCo. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the N-S axial orientation of the permanent magnet segments in the first row of the rotor are opposite to the N-S axial orientation of the permanent magnet segments in the second row of the rotor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the ferromagnetic pole pieces of the rotor are formed of iron. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the ferromagnetic pole pieces of the rotor are formed of a soft magnetic composite material. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The electrical machine of claim 7 wherein the soft magnetic composite material is powdered iron. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the first AC winding is a three-phase winding. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The electrical machine of claim 1 wherein the second stator comprises two stators axially adjacent each other. ### Claim 11 An electrical machine, comprising: a first rotor mounted for a rotation about a central axis, the first rotor comprising a first backing; a first row arranged circumferentially on the first backing, the first row comprising a first plurality of permanent magnets and a first plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the first plurality of permanent magnets and the first plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence; and a second row arranged circumferentially on the first backing with the second row spaced radially inwardly from the first row, the second row comprising a second plurality of permanent magnets and a second plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the second plurality of permanent magnets and the second plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence; wherein the first plurality of permanent magnets are radially adjacent to the second plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, and further wherein the first plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to have an opposite polarity of the second plurality of permanent magnets; a first stator mounted axially adjacent to a first side of the first rotor, the first stator including a first ferromagnetic stator frame; a first AC winding wound on a first side of the first ferromagnetic stator frame; a first DC field winding wound in circumferential slots in the first side of the first ferromagnetic stator frame; a second AC winding wound on a second side of the first ferromagnetic stator frame, the second side of the first ferromagnetic stator frame opposite the first side of the first ferromagnetic stator frame; and a second DC field winding wound in circumferential slots in the second side of the first ferromagnetic stator frame; a second rotor axially adjacent to the second side of the first ferromagnetic stator frame opposite the first rotor and mounted for a rotation about the central axis, the second rotor comprising a third row arranged circumferentially, the third row comprising a third plurality of permanent magnets and a third plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the third plurality of permanent magnets and the third plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence and separated by a first non-ferromagnetic material; and a fourth row arranged circumferentially with the fourth row spaced radially inwardly from the third row, the fourth row comprising a fourth plurality of permanent magnets and a fourth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the fourth plurality of permanent magnets and the fourth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence and separated by a second non-ferromagnetic material; wherein the third plurality of permanent magnets are radially adjacent to the fourth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, and further wherein the third plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to have an opposite polarity of the fourth plurality of permanent magnets; a second stator mounted axially adjacent to a first side of the second rotor opposite the first stator, the second stator including a second ferromagnetic stator frame; a third AC winding wound on a first side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; a third DC field winding wound in-circumferential slots in the first side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; a fourth AC winding wound on a second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame, the second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame opposite the first side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; and a fourth DC field winding wound in circumferential slots in the second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame; and a third rotor axially adjacent to the second side of the second ferromagnetic stator frame opposite the second stator mounted for a rotation about the central axis, the third rotor comprising a second backing; a fifth row arranged circumferentially on the second backing, the fifth row comprising a fifth plurality of permanent magnets and a fifth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the fifth plurality of permanent magnets and the fifth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence; and a sixth row arranged circumferentially on the second backing with the sixth row spaced radially inwardly from the fifth row, the sixth row comprising a sixth plurality of permanent magnets and a sixth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, the sixth plurality of permanent magnets and the sixth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces arranged in an alternating sequence; wherein the fifth plurality of permanent magnets are radially adjacent to the sixth plurality of ferromagnetic pole pieces, and further wherein the fifth plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to have an opposite polarity of the sixth plurality of permanent magnets; wherein the first plurality of permanent magnets are arranged to have an opposite polarity of the fifth plurality of permanent magnets. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The electrical machine of claim 11 wherein the non-magnetic material of the rotor is selected from the group consisting of aluminum and epoxy. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The electrical machine of claim 11 wherein the permanent magnet segments are formed of NdFeB. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The electrical machine of claim 11 wherein the permanent magnet segments are formed of SmCo. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The electrical machine of claim 11 wherein the N-S axial orientation of the permanent magnet segments in the first row of the rotor are opposite to the N-S axial orientation of the permanent magnet segments in the second row of the rotor. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The electrical machine of claim 11 wherein the ferromagnetic pole pieces of the rotor are formed of iron. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The electrical machine of claim 11 wherein the ferromagnetic pole pieces of the rotor are formed of a soft magnetic composite material. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The electrical machine of claim 17 wherein the soft magnetic composite material is powdered iron. ### Claim 19 (depends on 11) The electrical machine of claim 11 wherein the first AC winding is a three-phase winding.