# US 7,608,785 B2 · System for transmitting current including magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,608,785 B2 - Document ID: US7608785B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 10/832,923 - Filed: 2004-04-27 - Published: 2005-10-27 - Granted: 2009-10-27 - Earliest claimed: 2004-04-27 - Assignees: SuperPower, Inc. - Inventors: Chandra Reis - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7608785B2 ## CPC - H01B 12/08: Stranded or braided wires - H01B 12/06: Films or wires on bases or cores - H02G 15/34: Cable fittings for cryogenic cables {(superconductive cables per se H01B12/00)} - Y02E 40/60: Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment - Y10T 29/49014: Superconductor - H01B: CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (selection for magnetic properties H01F1/00; waveguides H01P {; printed circuits H05K}) - H02G: INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A system for transmitting current is described. The system includes at least one generator, at least one cryostat, and at least one load. The system may further include one of terminations, a refrigeration system, and terminations and a refrigeration system. The cryostat has at least one electrical phase including at least one mandrel and magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors that may accomplished by, for example, braiding the superconductor. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A superconducting cable useable in a system for transmitting current including at least one generator having at least one phase and at least one load, the cable comprising at least one cryostat containing at least one electrical phase including: a. a mandrel; and b. at least one superconductor layer deposed on the mandrel, the at least one superconductor layer including a plurality of braided magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the mandrel comprises a flexible material. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The cable according to claim 2 wherein the flexible material comprises one of an aluminum alloy and a copper alloy. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The cable according to claim 3 wherein the one of the aluminum alloy and a copper alloy comprises a single filament. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The cable according to claim 3 wherein the one of the aluminum alloy and a copper alloy comprises a plurality of filaments. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the mandrel comprises a corrugated tube. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The cable according to claim 6 wherein the corrugated tube comprises a metallic material. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The cable according to claim 7 wherein the metallic material comprises a stainless steel. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The cable according to claim 6 wherein the corrugated tube comprises a non-metallic material. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The cable according to claim 9 wherein the non-metallic material comprises a polymer. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The cable according to claim 10 wherein the polymer is a reinforced polymer. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The cable according to claim 11 wherein the reinforced polymer is a fiberglass-reinforced polymer. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the mandrel is cryogenically compatible. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the braided magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors reduce AC losses. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein a first number of superconducting conductors in a first direction about the mandrel is substantially the same as a second number of superconducting conductors in a second direction about the mandrel. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the braid comprises a weave pattern of over one, under one. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the braid comprises a weave pattern of over two, under two. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the braid comprises a biaxial braid (e.g., a braid angle, a, is an acute angle measured with respect to the axis of braiding (longitudinal axis). ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the superconductor is a high temperature superconductor (HTS) conductor. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the HTS conductor comprises a copper-based-HTS conductor. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the copper-based-HTS conductor comprises one of La2-xMxCuO4, Ln2-xCexCuO4, ReBa2Cu3O7-d, Bi2Sr2CalCu2Ox, (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CalCu2Ox, Bi2Sr2CaCu3Ox, (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CaCu3Ox, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The cable according to claim 21 wherein the copper-based-HTS conductor comprises YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO). ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the copper-based-HTS conductor comprises La2-xMxCuO4 and M comprises one of Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the copper-based-HTS conductor comprises Ln2-xCexCuO4, and Ln comprises one of Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the copper-based-HTS conductor comprises ReBa2Cu3O7-d, and Re comprises one of Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the superconductor conductor comprises a metal substrate. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The cable according to claim 26 wherein the metal substrate has a thickness of between about 25 and about 127 micrometers. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The cable according to claim 27 wherein the superconductor conductor comprises YBCO having a thickness between about 1 to about 5 micrometers. ### Claim 29 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein the superconductor conductor comprises a magnesium boride. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The cable according to claim 29 wherein the magnesium boride comprises MgB2. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 further including a thermal insulation. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The cable according to claim 31 wherein the thermal insulation comprises a vacuum-based insulation. ### Claim 33 (depends on 31) The cable according to claim 31 wherein the thermal insulation comprises a multiple-layer insulation. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The cable according to claim 33 wherein the multiple-layer insulation comprises superinsulation. ### Claim 35 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 further including a protective jacket. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The cable according to claim 35 wherein the protective jacket comprises a polymer. ### Claim 37 (depends on 36) The cable according to claim 36 wherein the polymer comprises a polyvinyl chloride. ### Claim 38 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 further including at least one electrically insulating material. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The cable according to claim 38 wherein at least one electrical insulating material comprises a plurality of the electrically insulating materials. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The cable according to claim 39 wherein the plurality of electrically insulating materials comprise at least about 4. ### Claim 41 (depends on 38) The cable according to claim 38 wherein the electrical insulating material comprises a cryogenically compatible material. ### Claim 42 (depends on 38) The cable according to claim 38 wherein at least one electrical insulating material comprises an extrusion. ### Claim 43 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 further including at least one electrostatic shield. ### Claim 44 (depends on 43) The cable according to claim 43 wherein the at least one electrostatic shield comprise a conducting material. ### Claim 45 (depends on 43) The cable according to claim 43 wherein at least one electrostatic shield comprise a semiconducting material. ### Claim 46 (depends on 43) The cable according to claim 43 wherein at least one electrostatic shield is capable of shaping an electrical field. ### Claim 47 (depends on 43) The cable according to claim 43 wherein at least one electrostatic shield comprises a plurality of electrostatic shields. ### Claim 48 (depends on 47) The cable according to claim 47 wherein the plurality of electrostatic shields are on either side of an electrical insulation. ### Claim 49 (depends on 47) The cable according to claim 47 wherein the plurality of electrostatic shields comprises about two per each at least one electrically insulating material layer. ### Claim 50 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 further including at least one spacer. ### Claim 51 (depends on 50) The cable according to claim 50 wherein the at least one spacer comprises a non-electrically conductive material. ### Claim 52 (depends on 50) The cable according to claim 50 wherein the at least one spacer comprises a cryogenically compatible material. ### Claim 53 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 wherein at least one electrical phase comprise a plurality of electrical phases. ### Claim 54 (depends on 53) The cable according to claim 53 wherein at least two of the plurality of electrical phases include: a. a mandrel; and b. braided magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors. ### Claim 55 (depends on 53) The cable according to claim 53 wherein the plurality of electrical phases comprises at least about two electrical phases. ### Claim 56 (depends on 1) The cable according to claim 1 further including a cryogen path. ### Claim 57 (depends on 56) The cable according to claim 56 wherein the cryogen path is capable of directing a fluid. ### Claim 58 (depends on 57) The cable according to claim 57 wherein the fluid is a liquid. ### Claim 59 (depends on 58) The cable according to claim 58 wherein the liquid is liquid nitrogen. ### Claim 60 (depends on 57) The cable according to claim 57 wherein the fluid is a gas. ### Claim 61 A superconducting cable useable in a system for transmitting current including at least one generator having at least one phase and at least one load, the cable comprising at least one cryostat containing at least one electrical phase including: a mandrel; and braided magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors deposed on the mandrel, wherein the superconductor conductor comprises a low temperature superconductor (LTS) conductor. ### Claim 62 (depends on 61) The cable according to claim 61 wherein the LTS conductor comprises a niobium-based alloy. ### Claim 63 (depends on 62) The cable according to claim 62 wherein the niobium-based alloy comprises an A15 superconducting phase. ### Claim 64 (depends on 62) The cable according to claim 62 wherein the niobium-based alloy includes one of titanium, tin, aluminum, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 65 (depends on 64) The cable according to claim 64 wherein the niobium-based alloy comprises a niobium-titanium-based alloy. ### Claim 66 (depends on 65) The cable according to claim 65 wherein the niobium-titanium-based alloy comprises between about 45 to about 50 weight percent titanium. ### Claim 67 (depends on 64) The cable according to claim 64 wherein the niobium-based alloy comprises an A15 superconducting phase. ### Claim 68 (depends on 62) The cable according to claim 62 wherein the niobium-based alloy includes one of titanium, tin, aluminum, and combinations thereof, and one of tantalum, zirconium, tin, and combinations thereof. ### Claim 69 (depends on 68) The cable according to claim 68 wherein the niobium-based alloy comprises an A15 superconducting phase. ### Claim 70 (depends on 69) The cable according to claim 69 wherein the niobium-based alloy comprises one of Nb3Sn and Nb3Al. ### Claim 71 (depends on 70) The cable according to claim 70 wherein the Nb3 Sn comprises between about 18 to about 25 weight percent tin. ### Claim 72 A system for transmitting current comprising: a. at least one generator having at least one phase; b. at least one superconducting cable having at least one cryostat containing at least one electrical phase including at least one mandrel and at least one superconductor layer deposed on the at least one mandrel, the at least one superconductor layer including a plurality of braided magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors; c. terminations; and d. at least one load. ### Claim 73 A system for transmitting current comprising: a. at least one generator having at least one phase; b. at least one superconducting cable having at least one cryostat containing at least one electrical phase including at least one mandrel and at least one superconductor layer deposed on the at least one mandrel, the at least one superconductor layer including a plurality of braided magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors; c. at least one refrigeration system; and d. at least one load. ### Claim 74 (depends on 73) The system for transmitting current according to claim 73 further including terminations. ### Claim 75 (depends on 74) The system for transmitting current according to claim 74 wherein the terminations include an electrical connector. ### Claim 76 (depends on 74) The system for transmitting current according to claim 74 wherein the terminations include a thermal connector. ### Claim 77 (depends on 73) The system for transmitting current according to claim 73 wherein the refrigeration system is a refrigerator. ### Claim 78 (depends on 73) The system for transmitting current according to claim 73 wherein the refrigeration system includes a mechanism for circulating cryogen through the cryostat. ### Claim 79 A method for manufacturing a system for transmitting current, said method comprising the steps of: a. providing at least one generator having at least one phase; b. at least one load; and c. providing at least one superconducting cable having at least one cryostat containing at least one electrical phase including at least one mandrel and at least one superconductor layer deposed on the at least one mandrel to transmit current over at least a portion of a distance between said at least one generator and said at least one load, the at least one superconductor layer including a plurality of braided magnetically decoupled superconducting conductors. ### Claim 80 A method for manufacturing a cryostat useable in a system for transmitting current, said method comprising the steps of: a. providing a mandrel; and b. braiding a plurality of superconducting conductors in a superconductor layer on said mandrel so that the superconductor conductor are substantially magnetically decoupled. ### Claim 81 A cable useable in useable in a system for transmitting current, said cable comprising: a. at least one mandrel; and b. a plurality of superconducting conductors braided in a superconductor layer on said at least one mandrel so as to magnetically decouple said superconducting conductors.