# US 7,608,672 B2 · Infiltrant system for rapid prototyping process > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,608,672 B2 - Document ID: US7608672B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 10/778,008 - Filed: 2004-02-12 - Published: 2005-08-18 - Granted: 2009-10-27 - Earliest claimed: 2004-02-12 - Assignees: Illinois Tool Works Inc. - Inventors: Zakar Raffi Hachikian - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7608672B2 ## CPC - C08G 59/56: together with other curing agents - B29C 39/10: incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles {(coating a surface by casting in general B05D1/30, B29C39/126 takes precedence)} - B33Y 70/00: Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing - B22F 2998/10: Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps - B33Y 80/00: Products made by additive manufacturing - Y02P 10/25: Process efficiency - C08G: MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS - B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00) - B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - B22F: WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER (making alloys by powder metallurgy C22C); APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract An infiltrant system for rapid prototyping processes. The infiltrant system generally includes a resin component and a hardener component. The resin component typically includes an epoxy resin, and a diluent. The hardener component typically includes an amine, optionally an amide, and optionally a catalyst. High strength infiltrant systems, flexible infiltrant systems, and a method for infiltrating a part are also described. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A two component high strength infiltrant system comprising: a resin component comprising: about 70 to about 90% by weight of resin component of an epoxy resin; and about 10 to about 30% by weight of resin component of a diluent; and a hardener component comprising: an amine selected from unmodified aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic amines, unmodified cycloaliphatic amines, modified cycloaliphatic amines, or combinations thereof; an amide selected from modified amidoamines, unmodified amidoamines, or combinations thereof; and optionally a catalyst; wherein the infiltrant system has a mixed viscosity of less than 150 cps. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The infiltrant system of claim 1 wherein the epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The infiltrant system of claim 1 wherein the diluent is selected from reactive diluents, nonreactive diluents, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The infiltrant system of claim 3 wherein the diluent is a reactive diluent comprising a combination of difunctional reactive diluents, and monofunctional reactive diluents. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The infiltrant system of claim 4 wherein the difunctional reactive diluent is diglycidyl ether, and the monofunctional reactive diluent is glycidyl ether. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The infiltrant system of claim 5 wherein the diglycidyl ether is neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The infiltrant system of claim 1 wherein the amine is an unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The infiltrant system of claim 7 the unmodified aliphatic amine is aminoethyl-piperazine. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The infiltrant system of claim 1 wherein the amide is an unmodified amide/imidazoline or a modified amide/imidazoline. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The infiltrant system of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is selected from tertiary amines or benzyl alcohol. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The infiltrant system of claim 1 wherein the amine comprises a combination of a polyamine unmodified aliphatic amine and a second unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The infiltrant system of claim 11 wherein the amine comprises a combination of polyoxypropyleneamine polyamine and diethylene glycol di(aminopropyl)ether base unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 13 A two component high strength infiltrant system comprising: a resin component comprising: about 70 to about 90% by weight of resin component of an epoxy resin; and about 10 to about 30% by weight of resin component of a diluent; and a hardener component comprising: about 20 to about 80% by weight of hardener component of an amine selected from unmodified aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic amines, unmodified cycloaliphatic amines, modified cycloaliphatic amines, or combinations thereof; about 20 to about 70% by weight of hardener component of an amide selected from unmodified amidoamines, modified amidoamines, or combinations thereof; and 0 to about 10% by weight of hardener component of a catalyst; wherein the infiltrant system has a mixed viscosity of less than about 150 cps. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the epoxy resin is present in an amount of about 70 to about 85% by weight of resin component. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the diluent is present in an amount of about 15 to about 30% by weight of resin component. ### Claim 17 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the diluent is selected from reactive diluents, nonreactive diluents, or combinations. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The infiltrant system of claim 17 wherein the diluent is a reactive diluent comprising a combination of difunctional reactive diluents, and monofunctional reactive diluents. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The infiltrant system of claim 18 wherein the difunctional reactive diluent is diglycidyl ether, and the monofunctional reactive diluent is glycidyl ether. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The infiltrant system of claim 19 wherein the reactive diluent comprises a mixture of about 5 to about 20% by weight of resin component diglycidyl ether and about 5 to about 20% by weight of resin component glycidyl ether. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The infiltrant system of claim 20 wherein the reactive diluent comprises a mixture of about 10 to about 20% by weight of resin component diglycidyl ether and about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component glycidyl ether. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) The infiltrant system of claim 19 wherein the diglycidyl ether is neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether. ### Claim 23 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the amine is an unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The infiltrant system of claim 23 the unmodified aliphatic amine is aminoethyl-piperazine. ### Claim 25 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the amine is present in an amount of about 30 to about 60% by weight of hardener component. ### Claim 26 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the amide is a modified amide/imidazoline or an unmodified amide/imidazoline. ### Claim 27 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the amide is present in an amount of about 40 to about 60% by weight of hardener component. ### Claim 28 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the catalyst is selected from tertiary amines or benzyl alcohol. ### Claim 29 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the catalyst is present in an amount of about 3 to about 7% by weight of hardener component. ### Claim 30 (depends on 13) The infiltrant system of claim 13 wherein the resin component comprises: about 70 to about 90% by weight of resin component of the epoxy resin selected from bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, or combinations thereof; and about 10 to about 30% by weight of resin component of a reactive diluent selected from diglycidyl ether, glycidyl ether, or combinations thereof; and the hardener component comprises: about 20 to about 80% by weight of hardener component of an unmodified aliphatic amine; about 20 to about 70% by weight of hardener component of a modified amidoamine, an unmodified amidoamine, or combinations thereof; and 0 to about 10% by weight of hardener component of a tertiary amine catalyst. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The infiltrant system of claim 30 wherein the resin component comprises: about 70 to about 85% by weight of resin component of bisphenol F epoxy resin; and about 10 to about 20% by weight of resin component of the reactive diluent diglycidyl ether; about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component of the reactive diluent glycidyl ether; and the hardener component comprises: about 30 to about 60% by weight of hardener component of aminoethyl-piperazine; about 40 to about 60% by weight of hardener component of a modified amide/imidazoline or an unmodified amide/imidazoline; and 3 to about 7% by weight of hardener component of the tertiary amine catalyst. ### Claim 32 A two component flexible infiltrant system comprising: a resin component comprising: about 70 to about 90% by weight of resin component of an epoxy resin; and about 5 to about 20% by weight of resin component of a difunctional reactive diluent; and about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component of a monofunctional reactive diluent; and a hardener component comprising: about 30 to about 90% by weight of hardener component of an amine selected from unmodified aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic amines, unmodified cycloaliphatic amines, modified cycloaliphatic amines, or combinations thereof; and about 10 to about 40% by weight of hardener component of an amide selected from polyamides and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The infiltrant system of claim 32 wherein the epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 34 (depends on 32) The infiltrant system of claim 32 wherein the epoxy resin is present in an amount of about 70 to about 85% by weight of resin component. ### Claim 35 (depends on 32) The infiltrant system of claim 32 wherein the difunctional reactive diluent is diglycidyl ether, and the monofunctional reactive diluent is glycidyl ether. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The infiltrant system of claim 35 wherein the reactive diluent comprises a mixture of about 5 to about 20% by weight of resin component diglycidyl ether and about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component glycidyl ether. ### Claim 37 (depends on 36) The infiltrant system of claim 36 wherein the reactive diluent comprises a mixture of about 10 to about 20% by weight of resin component diglycidyl ether and about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component glycidyl ether. ### Claim 38 (depends on 35) The infiltrant system of claim 35 wherein the diglycidyl ether is neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether. ### Claim 39 (depends on 32) The infiltrant system of claim 32 wherein the amine is a mixture of a polyamine unmodified aliphatic amine and a second unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The infiltrant system of claim 39 wherein the amine is a mixture of about 20 to about 80% by weight of hardener component of the polyamine and about 10 to about 40% by weight of hardener component of the second unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 41 (depends on 40) The infiltrant system of claim 40 wherein the amine is a mixture of about 35 to about 60% by weight of hardener component of the polyamine and about 20 to about 30% by weight of hardener component of the second unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 42 (depends on 39) The infiltrant system of claim 39 wherein the polyamine is a polyoxypropyleneamine base polyamine. ### Claim 43 (depends on 39) The infiltrant system of claim 39 wherein the second unmodified aliphatic amine is a diethylene glycol di(aminopropyl)ether base unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 44 (depends on 39) The infiltrant system of claim 39 wherein the amine is a mixture of a polyoxypropyleneamine base polyamine and a diethylene glycol di(aminopropyl)ether base unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 45 (depends on 39) The infiltrant system of claim 39 wherein the resin component comprises: about 70 to about 90% by weight of resin component of an epoxy resin selected from bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, or combinations thereof; about 5 to about 20% by weight of resin component of a difunctional reactive diluent, wherein the difunctional reactive diluent is diglycidyl ether; and about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component of a monofunctional reactive diluent, wherein the monofunctional reactive diluent is glycidyl ether; and a hardener component comprising: about 20 to about 80% by weight of hardener component of the polyamine; about 10 to about 40% by weight of hardener component of the second unmodified aliphatic amine; and about 10 to about 40% by weight of hardener component of a mixture of polyamides. ### Claim 46 (depends on 45) The infiltrant system of claim 45 wherein the resin component comprises: about 70 to about 85% by weight of resin component of bisphenol F epoxy resin; and about 10 to about 20% by weight of resin component of the reactive diluent diglycidyl ether; about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component of the reactive diluent glycidyl ether; and a hardener component comprising: about 35 to about 60% by weight of hardener component of a polyoxypropyleneamine base polyamine; about 20 to about 30% by weight of hardener component of a diethylene glycol di(aminopropyl)ether base unmodified aliphatic amine; and about 20 to about 35% by weight of hardener component of a mixture of polyamides. ### Claim 47 (depends on 32) The infiltrant system of claim 32 wherein the amide is present in an amount of about 20 to about 35% by weight of hardener component. ### Claim 48 A two component flexible infiltrant system comprising: a resin component comprising: an epoxy resin; and about 5 to about 30% by weight of resin component of a difunctional reactive diluent; about 5 to about 10% by weight of resin component of a monofunctional reactive diluent; and a hardener component comprising: an amine selected from unmodified aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic amines, unmodified cycloaliphatic amines, modified cycloaliphatic amines, or combinations thereof and an amide selected from polyamides and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 49 (depends on 48) The infiltrant system of claim 48 wherein the epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 50 (depends on 48) The infiltrant system of claim 48 wherein the amine is an unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 51 (depends on 50) The infiltrant system of claim 50 wherein the unmodified aliphatic amine is a polyamine. ### Claim 52 (depends on 51) The infiltrant system of claim 51 wherein the polyamine is a polyoxypropyleneamine base polyamine. ### Claim 53 (depends on 50) The infiltrant system of claim 50 wherein the unmodified aliphatic amine is a diethylene glycol di(aminopropyl)ether base unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 54 (depends on 50) The infiltrant system of claim 50 wherein the unmodified aliphatic amine is a mixture of a polyoxypropyleneamine base polyamine and a diethylene glycol di(aminopropyl)ether base unmodified aliphatic amine. ### Claim 55 (depends on 48) The infiltrant system of claim 48 wherein the amide is a mixture of polyamides.