# US 7,608,301 B2 · Process for forming a protective coating containing aluminium and zirconium on a metal > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,608,301 B2 - Document ID: US7608301B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 10/815,526 - Filed: 2004-03-31 - Published: 2004-10-07 - Granted: 2009-10-27 - Earliest claimed: 2003-04-02 - Assignees: ONERA (Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales); Snecma Moteurs - Inventors: Marie-Pierre Bacos; Pierre Josso; Serge Naveos - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7608301B2 ## CPC - C23C 10/14: more than one element being diffused in one step - C23C 10/08: only one element being diffused - Y02T 50/60: Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft - C23C: COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (making metal-coated products by extrusion B21C23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B21D39/00, B23K; metallising of glass C03C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C04B41/00; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C23D; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D; single-crystal film growth C30B; by metallising textiles D06M11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D06Q1/04) - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract This relates to an improvement to the process of aluminization or activated cementation in which a donor cement containing the aluminium is attacked at high temperature and in a neutral or reducing atmosphere by a gaseous ammonium halide to form a gaseous aluminium halide which decomposes on contact with a nickel-based substrate depositing aluminium metal thereon. According to the invention the aluminium halide is at least partly replaced by a zirconium halide leading to the inclusion of zirconium in the deposit. Improvement in the protection of the hot parts of aircraft engines made of nickel-based superalloy. No figure is to be published. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Process for forming a protective coating containing aluminium on the surface of a nickel-based superalloy in which the nickel-based superalloy and a non-gaseous precursor containing aluminium are placed in contact, at a treatment temperature sufficient for stoichiometric coating, with a reducing or inert atmosphere containing an active gas which reacts with the precursor to form a gaseous aluminium compound which decomposes on contact with the nickel-based superalloy depositing aluminium metal thereon, characterised in that the reducing or inert atmosphere contains a gaseous compound of a modifier metal which decomposes on contact with the nickel-based superalloy and deposits the modifier metal thereon simultaneously with the deposition of aluminium, wherein the gaseous compound of the modifier metal is zirconium oxychloride such that zirconium metal is deposited simultaneously with the deposition of aluminum. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the active gas at least in part comprises the gaseous compound. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) Process according to claim 2, in which the active gas solely comprises the gaseous compound. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) Process according to claim 2, in which the active gas also contains at least one ammonium compound. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the active gas and/or the gaseous compound are formed by the vaporisation of at least one substance which is solid at ambient temperature mixed with the precursor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the nickel-based superalloy contains at least one element which combines with the aluminium to form an intermetallic compound within the coating in which the aluminium is partly substituted by the modifier metal. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) Process according to claim 6, in which the element of the substrate is nickel and the intermetallic compound is β-NiAl. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the active gas contains at least one compound selected from NH4Cl, NH4F and NH4F, HF. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the precursor is an alloy of aluminium and chromium. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the substrate and the precursor are at a distance from each other. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) Process according to claim 10, in which the substrate is located above the precursor. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the substrate and the precursor are in contact. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the substrate and the precursor are located in an enclosure permitting only limited exchanges with the exterior. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which in addition to the active gas and the gaseous compound, the reducing or inert atmosphere comprises reducing gas. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) Process according to claim 14, in which the active gas contains at least one compound selected from NH4Cl, NH4F and NH4F, HF. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the modifier metal is present in the protective coating in a concentration by mass of less than 0.5%. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) Process according to claim 16, in which the concentration by mass lies at or above 500 ppm and below 1000 ppm. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) Process according to claim 1, in which the treatment temperature is about 1080° C. ### Claim 19 A method for forming a protective coating containing aluminium on a surface of a nickel-based superalloy, the method comprising: placing the nickel-based superalloy and a non-gaseous precursor containing aluminium in contact, at a treatment temperature sufficient for stoichiometric coating, with a reducing or inert atmosphere containing an active gas; reacting the reducing or inert atmosphere containing the active gas with the non-gaseous precursor containing aluminium to form a gaseous aluminium compound; decomposing the gaseous aluminum compound on contact with the nickel-based superalloy and depositing aluminium metal on the nickel-based superalloy, wherein the reducing or inert atmosphere further comprises a gaseous compound of a modifier metal; and decomposing the gaseous compound of the modifier metal on contact with the nickel-based superalloy and simultaneously depositing the modifier metal on the nickel-based superalloy with the depositing of the aluminium metal, wherein the gaseous compound of the modifier metal is zirconium oxychloride such that zirconium metal is deposited simultaneously with the depositing of the aluminum metal. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the active gas consists of the gaseous compound of the modifier metal. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) Process according to claim 19, in which the active gas at least in part comprises the gaseous compound.