Transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-nitrogen and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions

A ligand represented by structure L:

• wherein
• R is selected independently for each occurrence from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, and —(CH2)m—R80;
• R1 is selected independently for each occurrence from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, —OR8, —N(R8)2, —Si(R8)3, and —(CH2)m—R80;
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, —OR8, —N(R8)2, —Si(R8)3, and —(CH2)m—R80;
• R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, —OR8, —N(R8)2, —Si(R8)3, —R7, and —(CH2)m—R80;
• R4 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, —OR8, —N(R8)2, —Si(R8)3, —R7, and —(CH2)m—R80;
• R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, —OR8, —N(R8)2, —Si(R8)3, —R7, and —(CH2)m—R80;
• R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, —OR8, —N(R8)2, —Si(R8)3, and —(CH2)m—R80;
• R7 is selected independently for each occurrence from the group consisting of —C(O)OM, —C(O)SM, —C(S)SM, —C(NR8)OM, —C(NR8)SM, —S(O)OM, —S(O)SM, —S(O)2OM, —S(O)2SM, —P(O)(OM)2, —P(O)(OR8)OM, —P(O)(OR8)NR8M, —P(O)(OR8)SM, —N(R8)3M, —P(R8)3M, —P(OR8)3M and —N(R8)C(NR8R8)NR8R8M;
• R8 is selected independently for each occurrence from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, and heteroaralkyl;
• M is an alkali metal or an alkali earth metal;
• R80 represents an unsubstituted or substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, a heterocycle, or a polycycle;
• m is independently for each occurrence an integer in the range 0 to 8 inclusive;
• provided that at least one of R3, R4 or R5 is R7;
• and
• the ligand is achiral or, when chiral, is a single stereoisomer or a mixture of stereoisomers.