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OwnerBert Zaudererinventor
Estimating the term…
Methods by which new or used boilers or furnaces ranging from small industrial to the largest utility units that are designed for coal or oil or natural gas or shredded waste or shredded biomass firing can substantially improve their technical operation and sharply reduce their capital and operating costs by implementing component modifications and process steps that (a) minimize the adverse impacts of coal ash and slag on boiler surfaces and particulate emissions thereby also facilitating the use of oil or gas designed boilers for coal firing, (b) drastically reduce the loss of water used to transport coal in slurry form to power plants, (c) essentially eliminate the combined total nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), mercury (Hg), trace metals, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, (d) separate and permanently sequester carbon dioxide released during combustion and (e) improve the coal and solid fuel combustion efficiency.
A method whereby slag formed from solid fuel ashes during combustion in boilers or furnaces is suppressed by introducing additional air in a post-primary combustion zone to lower the combustion gas temperatures below temperatures at which the ash softens or liquefies and adheres to boiler or furnace surfaces.
A method comprising fueling a coal fired power plant fueled by a coal-water slurry pipeline, wherein an air-cooled slagging combustor replaces coal burners to achieve efficient combustion, and exhaust combustion gases are cooled with water droplets sprays to about 150° F. in order to condense and recover a bulk of the slurry water.
A method comprising a final combined level of reduction of nitrogen oxides, (NOx), at an exhaust stack by reducing fuel rich operation of low-NOx burners in a primary combustion zone of coal fired boilers or furnaces followed by reducing in a post-combustion zone final combustion air and followed by removing Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system, and in its place reducing a resultant increased NOx emissions in the post combustion zone by a Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) process that has no adverse impact on ammonia slip, and adding reburn with biomass to duplicate NOx emissions achievable with an original operation of the low NOx burners and the SCR.
A method whereby coals, primarily bituminous coals that have most or all of their mercury in pyrites in concentrations related to arsenic content in the pyrites, have the mercury removed by utilizing air-cooled slagging combustors and impacting the mercury containing coal slag particles in a slag layer lining a wall of a combustor and draining and water quenching the slag from the combustor within about 3 to prevent the mercury trapped in the slag from re-evolving from the slag as a gas into the combustion gases.
A method for controlling in boilers or furnaces slag and ash depositions on refractory and metal walls exposed to ash and slag laden particles from coal combustion by co-injecting with coal in a primary combustion zone or in an immediate post-combustion zone metal oxide particles in concentration of less than 1% of total coal feed for attaching to a surface of coal ash or slag particles, thereby inhibiting adherence to each other and to the metal walls.
A method whereby lime particles, nominally of about 9 microns in diameter are dispersed in water at concentrations up to 30% by weight and injected as air atomized droplets to intercept post-combustion gas flows in a temperature range of 1800° F. to 2400° F., utilizing injectors with capacities to disperse aqueous lime mixtures at up to a mol ratio of calcium oxide to sulfur dioxide of three (3), and sufficient water flow capacity to cool a combustion gas zone being treated to gas temperatures at which CaO—SO2 capture reaction is maximum, being about 1800° F., with additional coal being fed through primary burners to recover energy lost in cooling the combustion gases to said temperature range.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.