Tetramerization of olefins
AssigneeSasol Technology (Pty) Ltd
InventorsKevin Blann, Annette Bollmann, John Thomas Dixon, Arno Neveling, David Hedley Morgan, Hulisani Maumela, Esna Killian, Fiona Millicent Hess, Stefanus Otto, Lana Pepler, Hamdani Ahmed Mahomed, Matthew James Overett
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Abstract
The invention describes a process for tetramerisation of olefins wherein the product stream of the process contains more than 30% of the tetramer olefin. The process includes the step of contacting an olefinic feedstream with a catalyst system containing a transition metal compound and a heteroatomic ligand.
Claims38
A process for tetramerisation of olefins comprising contacting an olefinic feedstream with a catalyst system which includes the combination of
- a transition metal compound;
- a heteroatomic ligand described by the following general formula
- (R)nA-B-C(R)m
- wherein
- A and C are independently an atom selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, oxygen, bismuth, sulphur, selenium and nitrogen or said atom oxidized by S, Se, N or 0, where the valance of A and/or C allows for such oxidation;
- B is a linking group between A and C;
- the R groups are the same or different, and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl group, a hetero hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, and a substituted hetero hydrocarbyl group;
- n and m for each R is independently determined by the respective valence and oxidation state of A and C;
- and
- provided that when the heteroatomic ligand is described by the following general formula
- (R1 )(R2)A-B-C(R3)(R4)
- wherein
- A and C are independently selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and nitrogen;
- B is a linking group between A and C;
- and
- each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl group, a hetero hydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, and a substituted hetero hydrocarbyl group,
- any substituents that may be part of one or more of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are non electron donating and where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently aromatic, including hetero aromatic groups, not all the groups R1, R2, R3 and R4 have a substituent on the atom adjacent to the atom bound to A or C;
- and
- an activator selected from the group consisting of organoaluminium compounds, organoboron compounds, organic salts, inorganic acids and salts, wherein the organoaluminium compounds are selected from the group of compounds of the formula AIR3, where each R is independently a C1-C12 alkyl or a halide, aluminoxanes and modified aluminoxanes.
The process as claimed in claim wherein the activator is an alkylaluminoxane and the transition metal and the aluminoxane are combined in proportions to provide an Al/transition metal ratio from about 1:1 to 10 000:1.
A catalyst system which includes the combination of a chromium compound;
- and
- a heteroatomic ligand described by the following general formula
- (R1)(R2)A-B-C(R3)(R4)
- wherein
- A and C are independently an atom selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and nitrogen or said atom oxidized by S, Se, N or O, where the valance of A and/or C allows for such oxidation;
- B is a linking group between A and C;
- the R groups are the same or different, and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, and a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group;
- and
- provided that when
- A and C are independently selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and nitrogen;
- B is a linking group between A and C and is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbylene, a substituted hydrocarbylene, an inorganic linking group comprising a single atom linking spacer and —(CH3)N—N(CH3)—, —B(R5)—, —Si(R5)2, —P(R5)— and —N(R5)—, where R5 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted heteroatom or a halogen;
- and
- each of R1, R2 R3 and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbyl group, a heterohydrocarbyl group, a substituted hydrocarbyl group, and a substituted heterohydrocarbyl group,
- any substituents that may be part of one or more of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are non electron donating and where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently aromatic, including hetero aromatic groups, not all the groups R1, R2, R3 and R4 have a substituent on the atom adjacent to the atom bound to A or C.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.