# US 7,466,173 B2 · Radio transceiver having a phase-locked loop circuit > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,466,173 B2 - Document ID: US7466173B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/405,875 - Filed: 2006-04-17 - Published: 2006-08-17 - Granted: 2008-12-16 - Earliest claimed: 2000-12-07 - Assignees: Nokia Corporation - Inventors: Paul Burgess - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7466173B2 ## CPC - H03L 7/099: concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop - H03L 7/0891: {the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump} - H03L 7/10: for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range - H03L 7/18: using a frequency divider or counter in the loop (H03L7/20, H03L7/22 take precedence) - H03L: AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES (generation of oscillations H03B) ## Abstract The invention relates to a phase-locked loop circuit (1) in a radio transceiver for the detection of the linear operation of a first voltage controlled oscillator (2), which comprises a frequency divider (8), a reference oscillator (10), a phase detector (12) to compare the phases of the reference oscillator (10) with a divided frequency of the frequency divider (8), and a charge pumping means (14) connected to the phase detector (12) and is characterized in that the connection (13) between the phase detector (12) and the charge pumping means (14) has at least one branch-off line (15) connected to at least one filtering means (22), whose output voltage is related to the linear operation of the voltage controlled oscillator (2). ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: a first voltage controlled oscillator configured to operate in at least a first frequency range; at least a second voltage controlled oscillator, configured to operate in at least a second frequency range; a reference oscillator; a phase detector having at least one output indicative of a comparison of a phase of said reference oscillator with a phase of a signal associated with an active voltage controlled oscillator, said active voltage controlled oscillator being one of said first and at least second voltage controlled oscillators; a charge pump operatively coupled to said phase detector; a circuit configured to provide at least one direct current output signal related to linearity of an operation state of said active voltage controlled oscillator, said circuit having an input operatively coupled with the operative coupling between said phase detector and said charge pump; and a switching arrangement operatively coupled with the at least one direct current output signal of the circuit and operatively coupled with an output of the charge pump and in selective cooperative engagement with an input and an output of one of said first and at least second voltage controlled oscillators, the switching arrangement configured to at least operatively couple one of said first and at least second voltage controlled oscillators that is not said active voltage controlled oscillator so as to be the next active voltage controlled oscillator if said at least one direct current output signal indicates that the operation state of the current active voltage controlled oscillator is not linear. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit operatively coupled with said at least one direct current output signal of said circuit and operatively coupled with said switching arrangement, said control unit configured to at least change the switching arrangement cooperative engagement of said first and said at least second voltage controlled oscillator in accordance with said output signal of the circuit. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said control circuit comprises a hysteresis characteristic. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said control circuit comprises a time delay circuit. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) A radio receiver comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 2. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) A radio transmitter comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 2. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) A radio transceiver comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 2. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A radio network, comprising transceivers as claimed in claim 7. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an indicator configured to annunciate which one of said first and at least second voltage controlled oscillators is active. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an indicator configured to annunciate information relating to an operating state of the apparatus. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency range and second frequency range of said first and second voltage controlled oscillators at least partially overlap. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a control unit operatively coupled with said at least one direct current output signal of said circuit and operatively coupled with said switching arrangement, said control unit configured to at least change the switching arrangement cooperative engagement of said first and said at least second voltage controlled oscillator in accordance with said output signal of the circuit, and at least a third voltage controlled oscillator in selective operative engagement with said switching arrangement, said third voltage controlled oscillator configured to operate in at least a third frequency range that at least partially overlaps with the first frequency range or second frequency range of said first and second voltage controlled oscillators. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said control unit provides at least two direct current output signals so that the switching arrangement couples the voltage controlled oscillator that overlaps the active voltage controlled oscillator at a current operating frequency of said active voltage controlled oscillator. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a frequency divider operatively coupled with said switching arrangement and the phase detector, configured to provide said signal associated with said active voltage controlled oscillator. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit comprises a logic unit and a filter for providing said at least one direct current output signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said logic unit generates an output having a duty cycle indicative of linearity of the operating state of the active voltage controlled oscillator. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said filter is a low pass filter. ### Claim 18 An apparatus comprising: a first voltage controlled oscillator configured to operate in at least a first frequency range; at least a second voltage controlled oscillator configured to operate in at least a second frequency range; a switching arrangement having selectable positions configured to provide an input to and an output of the first voltage controlled oscillator or the at least second voltage controlled oscillator; a reference oscillator; a frequency divider operatively coupled with the output of the switching arrangement; a phase detector operatively coupled with an output of the frequency divider and the reference oscillator, configured to provide a phase of an output of said reference oscillator relative to the signal of the frequency divider; a charge pump operatively coupled with the input of the switching arrangement and the phase detector; and a circuit operatively coupled with the operative coupling between said phase detector and said charge pump, the circuit configured to provide at least one direct current output signal related to linearity of an operation state of said first or at least said second voltage controlled oscillator currently connected to said switching arrangement, said at least one direct current output signal for switching said switching arrangement from the voltage controlled oscillator currently connected to the switching arrangement to another of said voltage controlled oscillators if said at least one direct current output signal indicates that the operation of the currently connected voltage controlled oscillator is not linear. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising a control unit operatively coupled with said at least one direct current output signal of the circuit and operatively coupled with said switching arrangement, said control unit configured to at least change the selectable position of said switching arrangement in accordance with said output signal of the circuit. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) A radio receiver comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 19. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) A radio transmitter comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 19. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) A radio transceiver comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 19. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) A radio network, comprising transceivers as claimed in claim 22. ### Claim 24 (depends on 19) The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said control circuit has a hysteresis characteristic. ### Claim 25 (depends on 19) The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said control circuit comprises a time delay circuit. ### Claim 26 (depends on 18) The apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising an indicator configured to annunciate which one of said first and at least second voltage controlled oscillators said switching arrangement is configured to provide said input and said output for. ### Claim 27 (depends on 18) The apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising an indicator configured to annunciate information relating to an operating state of the voltage controlled oscillator that said switching arrangement is configured to provide said input and said output for. ### Claim 28 (depends on 18) The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the first frequency range and second frequency range of said first and second voltage controlled oscillators at least partially overlap. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The apparatus according to claim 28, further comprising at least a third voltage controlled oscillator in cooperative engagement with said switching arrangement, said third voltage controlled oscillator configured to operate in at least a third frequency range that at least partially overlaps with the first frequency range or second frequency range of said first and second voltage controlled oscillators. ### Claim 30 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the circuit comprises a logic unit and a filter for providing said at least one direct current output signal. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said logic unit generates an output having a duty cycle indicative of linearity of the operating state of the first voltage controlled oscillator or at least the second voltage controlled oscillator. ### Claim 32 (depends on 30) The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said filter is a low pass filter. ### Claim 33 An apparatus, comprising: a first voltage controlled oscillator disposed and arranged so that it is connected into a phase-locked loop circuit by a switching arrangement, configured to provide an output signal in response to an applied input voltage when switched into the phase-lock loop circuit; a phase detector, responsive to a signal associated with said output signal and with a reference signal, configured to provide a signal indicative of the input voltage to be applied to the voltage controlled oscillator connected into the circuit; and a circuit, responsive to the signal indicative of the input voltage to be applied to the voltage controlled oscillator connected into the circuit, configured to provide at least one direct current output signal related to linearity of an operation state of said voltage controlled oscillator and useable for indicating whether to switch to a voltage controlled oscillator other than the voltage controlled oscillator connected into the circuit if said at least one direct current output signal indicates that the operation state of said voltage controlled oscillator is not linear based on said at least one direct current output signal. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising said switching arrangement, said switching arrangement operatively coupled with said first voltage controlled oscillator and said other voltage controlled oscillator, responsive to said at least one direct current output signal and configured to switch said first voltage controlled oscillator or said other voltage controlled oscillator into said circuit. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) The apparatus according to claim 34, further comprising a control unit operatively coupled with said at least one direct current output signal and operatively coupled with said switching arrangement, said control unit configured to control the switching arrangement in accordance with said at least one direct current output signal. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) A radio receiver comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 35. ### Claim 37 (depends on 35) A radio transmitter comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 35. ### Claim 38 (depends on 35) A radio transceiver comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 35. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) A radio network, comprising transceivers as claimed in claim 38. ### Claim 40 (depends on 35) The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein said control circuit comprises a hysteresis characteristic. ### Claim 41 (depends on 35) The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein said control circuit comprises a time delay circuit. ### Claim 42 (depends on 34) The apparatus according to claim 34, further comprising a frequency divider operatively coupled with said switching arrangement and the phase detector, configured to provide said signal associated with the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator connected into the circuit. ### Claim 43 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, a further comprising an indicator configured to annunciate which voltage controlled oscillator is switched into the circuit. ### Claim 44 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, further comprising an indicator configured to annunciate information relating to the operating state of the voltage controlled oscillator that is switched into the circuit. ### Claim 45 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein a frequency range of said first voltage controlled oscillator and said other voltage controlled oscillator at least partially overlap. ### Claim 46 (depends on 45) The apparatus according to claim 45, further comprising at least a third voltage controlled oscillator, said third voltage controlled oscillator configured to operate in at least a third frequency range that at least partially overlaps with the frequency range of said first voltage controlled oscillator or said other voltage controlled oscillator. ### Claim 47 A method comprising: providing a detector signal associated with a phase comparison of a reference oscillator output signal and a signal associated with an output signal of a voltage controlled oscillator output connected into a circuit; providing at least one direct current output signal related to linearity of an operation state of the voltage controlled oscillator based on said detector signal; and switching to another voltage controlled oscillator so that said other voltage controlled oscillator is connected into said circuit if said at least one direct current output signal indicates that the operation state of said voltage controlled oscillator is not linear. ### Claim 48 (depends on 47) The method according to claim 47, wherein said providing at least one direct current output signal indicative of an operating state of said voltage controlled oscillator comprises detecting a duty cycle of said detector signal. ### Claim 49 (depends on 48) The method according to claim 48, further comprising filtering the detected duty cycle of said detector signal. ### Claim 50 (depends on 49) The method according to claim 49, further comprising displaying an indication of linearity of an operating state of the voltage controlled oscillator switched into the circuit. ### Claim 51 (depends on 47) The method according to claim 47, further comprising displaying which voltage controlled oscillator is switched into said circuit. ### Claim 52 (depends on 47) The method of claim 47, wherein said providing of at least one direct current output signal comprises providing at least two direct current output signals and further wherein said switching to another voltage controlled oscillator further comprises switching to one of at least two other voltage controlled oscillators. ### Claim 53 An apparatus comprising: means for providing a detector signal associated with a phase comparison of a reference oscillator output signal and a signal associated with an output signal of a voltage controlled oscillator output connected into a circuit; means for providing at least one direct current output signal related to linearity of an operation state of the voltage controlled oscillator based on said detector signal; and means for switching to another voltage controlled oscillator so that said other voltage controlled oscillator is connected into said circuit if said at least one direct current output signal indicates that the operation state of said voltage controlled oscillator is not linear. ### Claim 54 (depends on 53) The apparatus according to claim 53, further comprising means for displaying an indication of linearity of the operating state of the voltage controlled oscillator switched into the circuit. ### Claim 55 A method comprising: setting a switching arrangement to connect to a first voltage controlled oscillator; locking a phase locked loop associated with said first voltage controlled oscillator to start operation with a frequency close to an end of a frequency range of a transceiver associated with said phase locked loop; increasing a lock frequency until a voltage from a low pass filter responsive to a signal indicative of an operating state of said first voltage controlled oscillator reaches a certain level; setting the switching arrangement to connect to a second voltage controlled oscillator; locking the phase locked loop to a start frequency close to another end of the frequency range of the transceiver; reducing the lock frequency until a voltage from the low pass filter, responsive to a signal indicative of an operating state of said second voltage controlled oscillator reaches a certain level; and setting a boundary frequency between both ends of the frequency range of the transceiver at which operation is changed from the first voltage controlled oscillator to the second voltage controlled oscillator.