A method for reducing the risk of bacterial infection or sepsis in a person colonized with pathogenic bacteria comprising treating the colonized person with a pharmaceutical composition containing bacteriophage of one or more strains which produce lyric infections in said pathogenic bacteria, wherein said treatment occurs prior to said colonized person developing an illness due to said pathogenic bacteria and said treatment reduces the risk of bacterial infection or sepsis in said colonized person, and wherein said treatment of the colonized person reduces the level of colonization with pathogenic bacteria susceptible to the bacteriophage by at least one log, wherein said composition is administered intravesicularly, topically, orally, rectally, ocularly, otically, nasally, or via inhalation.