Detection of dysplastic or neoplastic cells using anti-MCM2 antibodies

A method of determining the presence or absence of dysplastic or neoplastic cells in a cytology test sample containing cells from an individual, wherein the test sample comprises a specimen selected from the group consisting of a sputum sample, a bronchio-alveolar lavage sample, a urine sample, a breast duct fluid sample, a brushing from the alimentary tract, a cervical cytology sample, and a fecal sample, the method comprising:

• contacting the test sample with an antibody or antibody fragment directed against Minichromosome Maintenance protein 7 (MCM7 protein);
• and
• determining the amount of binding of said antibody or antibody fragment to said test sample;
• whereby an increase in said amount if detected for the test sample compared with a normal sample is indicative of presence of dysplastic or neoplastic cells in said test sample.