Carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays

A nanoelectrode array for the selective detection of glucose comprising:

• a carbon nanotube material comprising an array of substantially linear carbon nanotubes each having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end attached to a catalyst substrate material to form the array with a pre-determined site density, and a carboxylic acid group functionalized to the distal end of the carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon nanotubes are aligned with respect to one another within the array;
• an electrically insulating layer on the surface of the carbon nanotube material, whereby the distal end of the carbon nanotubes extend beyond the electrically insulating layer;
• a second adhesive electrically insulating layer on the surface of the electrically insulating layer, whereby the distal end of the carbon nanotubes extend beyond the second adhesive electrically insulating layer;
• and
• a metal wire attached to the catalyst substrate material,
• wherein the carboxylic acid group attached to the distal end of the carbon nanotubes is coupled to a glucose oxidase enzyme for the selective detection of glucose.

A nanoelectrode array for detecting a metal ion in a solution comprising:

• an array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes having a pre-determined site density, wherein each carbon nanotube in the array has a proximal end and a distal end and wherein the proximal end of each carbon nanotube is attached to a metallic coating on a non-metallic substrate;
• an electrically insulating layer on a surface of the array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, whereby the electrically insulating layer insulates the metallic coating on the non-metallic substrate;
• a second adhesive electrically insulating layer surrounding the electrically insulating layer, whereby the second adhesive electrically insulating layer insulates the metallic coating on the non-metallic substrate and supports the array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes;
• and an electrical connection attached to the substrate,
• wherein the distal end of each of the carbon nanotubes is exposed to electrochemically sense the metal ion in the solution.

A nanoelectrode array for generating an amperometric response to at least one drug in a solution comprising:

• an array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes having a pre-determined site density, wherein each carbon nanotube in the array has a proximal end and a distal functionalized end and wherein the proximal end of each carbon nanotube engages to a metallic coating on a non-metallic substrate, and wherein the distal functionalized end of each carbon nanotube is coupled to a glucose oxidase;
• an electrically insulating layer on a surface of the array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, whereby the electrically insulating layer insulates the metallic coating on the non-metallic substrate;
• a second adhesive electrically insulating layer surrounding the electrically insulating layer, whereby the second adhesive electrically insulating layer insulates the metallic coating on the non-metallic substrate and supports the array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes;
• and
• an electrical connection attached to the substrate,
• wherein the glucose oxidase is capable of interacting with the at least one drug in the solution to generate an amperometric response.