# US 7,449,701 B2 · Particle beam irradiation equipment and particle beam irradiation method > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,449,701 B2 - Document ID: US7449701B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 10/822,767 - Filed: 2004-04-13 - Published: 2004-10-14 - Granted: 2008-11-11 - Earliest claimed: 2003-04-14 - Assignees: Hitachi, Ltd. - Inventors: Hisataka Fujimaki; Koji Matsuda; Masaki Yanagisawa; Hiroshi Akiyama - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7449701B2 ## CPC - G21K 5/04: with beam-forming means - A61N 5/10: X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy (A61N5/01 takes precedence) - A61N 2005/1087: {Ions; Protons} - A61N 2005/1095: {Elements inserted into the radiation path within the system, e.g. filters or wedges} - A61N 2005/1096: {Elements inserted into the radiation path placed on the patient, e.g. bags, bolus, compensators} - G21K: HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) ## Abstract Particle beam irradiation equipment and a method of adjusting irradiation nozzle, which can ensure a long range and high dose uniformity at any field size are provided. The particle beam irradiation equipment comprises charged particle beam generation equipment and an irradiation nozzle for irradiating a charged particle beam extracted from the charged particle beam generation equipment to an irradiation target. The irradiation nozzle comprises a first scatterer device including a first scatterer for spreading out the charged particle beam into a Gaussian-like distribution, and multiple stages of second scatterer devices including second scatterers for producing a uniform intensity distribution of the charged particle beam having been spread out into a Gaussian-like distribution by the first scatterer. For forming irradiation fields having sizes different from each other, the second scatterer devices are disposed downstream of the first scatterer device in the direction of travel of the charged particle beam at the spacing depending on the difference in the field size. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Particle beam irradiation equipment comprising charged particle beam generation equipment and a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle for irradiating a charged particle beam extracted from said charged particle beam generation equipment to an irradiation target, wherein said charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprises: a first scatterer device including a first scatterer through which said charged particle beam passes; a second scatterer device including a plurality of second scatterers through which an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam passes after having passed said first scatterer, said second scatterer device causing one of said plurality of second scatterers to position in a passage region of said charged particle beam at one of plural different positions in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam; and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam, said plurality of second scatterers of the second scatterer device each being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer of the first scatterer device, said plurality of second scatterers including a second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at a first position in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam and used when said collimator is adapted for a relatively small first irradiation field and another second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at a second position upstream of said first position in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam and used when said collimator is adapted for a larger second irradiation field than said first irradiation field, said second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in the passage region at said first position having a thickness different from that of said another second scatterer for larger irradiation field caused to position in the passage region at said second position so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said another second scatterer for larger irradiation field size. ### Claim 2 Particle beam irradiation equipment comprising charged particle beam generation equipment and a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle for irradiating a charged particle beam extracted from said charged particle beam generation equipment to an irradiation target, wherein said charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprises a first scatterer device including a first scatterer through which said charged particle beam passes, a second scatterer device including a plurality of second scatterers through which an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam passes, said plurality of second scatterers being to-be-positioned in a passage region of said charged particle beam after having passed said first scatterer, and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam; and said particle beam irradiation equipment includes a control system for controlling said second scatterer device such that one of said plurality of second scatterers is positioned in said passage region at one of plural different positions in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, said plurality of second scatterers of the second scatterer device each being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer of the first scatterer device, said plurality of second scatterers including a second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at a first position in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam and used when said collimator is adapted for a relatively small first irradiation field and another second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at a second position upstream of said first position in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam and used when said collimator is adapted for a larger second irradiation field than said first irradiation field, said second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in the passage region at said first position having a thickness different from that of said another second scatterer for larger irradiation field caused to position in the passage region at said second position so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said another second scatterer for larger irradiation field size. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 2, wherein said control system places the one of said plurality of second scatterers at the one of the plural different positions selected based on treatment plan information. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 3, wherein said treatment plan information is irradiation field information. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 3, wherein said control system places, at the selected position, the one of said plurality of second scatterers selected based on another treatment plan information. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 5, wherein said another treatment plan information is energy information of an ion beam. ### Claim 7 Particle beam irradiation equipment comprising charged particle beam generation equipment and a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle for irradiating a charged particle beam extracted from said charged particle beam generation equipment to an irradiation target, wherein said charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprises a first scatterer device including a first scatterer through which said charged particle beam passes, an upstream second scatterer device including a second scatterer to be positioned in a passage region of an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam at a first position downstream of said first scatterer device in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, a downstream second scatterer device including another second scatterer to be positioned in said passage region at a second position downstream of said first position in the direction of travel of said unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam; and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam; and said second scatterer of each of said upstream and downstream second scatterer device being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer of the first scatterer device, said second scatterer of said upstream second scatterer device being used as one for larger irradiation field size when said collimator is adapted for a larger second irradiation field than a first irradiation field, and said second scatterer of said downstream second scatterer device being used as one for smaller irradiation field size when said collimator is adapted for said first irradiation field, said second scatterer of said downstream second scatterer device for smaller irradiation field size having a thickness different from that of said second scatterer of said upstream second scatterer device for larger irradiation field size so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said second scatterer of said upstream second scatterer device for larger irradiation field size. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 7, further comprising a control system for controlling a selected one of said upstream second scatterer device and said downstream second scatterer device such that the second scatterer included in said selected second scatterer device is positioned in said passage. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 8, wherein said control system selects the one of said second scatterers devices based on treatment plan information. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 8, wherein said upstream second scatterer device includes a first table for mounting said second scatterer thereon and positioning said second scatterer in said passage region, and said downstream second scatterer device includes a second table for mounting said another second scatterer thereon and positioning said another second scatterer in said passage region. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 10, wherein said first table mounts said second scatterer in plural number thereon, said second table mounts said another second scatterer in plural number thereon, and said another second scatterer mounted in plural number on said second table provides smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said second scatterer mounted in plural number on said first table. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10, 11) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said charged particle beam irradiation nozzle further comprises a first table moving device for moving said first table in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and a second table moving device for moving said second table in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam; and said control system controls the table moving device included in the selected second scatterer device, thereby controlling movement of the corresponding table such that the corresponding second scatterer is positioned said passage region. ### Claim 13 Particle beam irradiation equipment comprising charged particle beam generation equipment and a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle for irradiating a charged particle beam extracted from said charged particle beam generation equipment to an irradiation target, wherein said charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprises: a first scatterer through which said charged particle beam passes; a first table disposed downstream of said first scatterer in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam and mounting a second scatterer, wherein said first table is to be positioned in a passage region of said charged particle beam; a second table disposed downstream of said first table in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam and mounting another second scatterer, wherein said second table is to be positioned in said passage region; and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam; said second scatterer of each of the first and second tables being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer, said second scatterer mounted on said first table being used as one for larger irradiation field size when said collimator is adapted for a larger second irradiation field than a first irradiation field, and said another second scatterer mounted on said second table being used as one for smaller irradiation field size when said collimator is adapted for said first irradiation field, said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size mounted on said second table having a thickness different from that of said second scatterer for larger irradiation field mounted on said first table so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size˜ and wherein said second scatterer device modulates an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 13, wherein said first scatterer is movable within said charged particle beam irradiation nozzle in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 14, further comprising a first scatterer moving device for moving said first scatterer in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and a first scatterer control device for controlling said first scatterer moving device, thereby controlling an amount by which said first scatterer is to be moved. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 13, wherein said first table and said second table are capable of placing respectively said second scatterer and said another second scatterer in said passage region. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 16, further comprising a first table moving device for moving said first table in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, a second table moving device for moving said second table in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and a table control device for controlling the table moving device to move a selected one of said first and second tables, thereby controlling movement of the selected table. ### Claim 18 Particle beam irradiation equipment comprising charged particle beam generation equipment and a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle for irradiating a charged particle beam extracted from said charged particle beam generation equipment to an irradiation target, wherein said charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprises: a first scatterer device including a first scatterer through which said charged particle beam passes; a second scatterer device including a plurality of second scatterers to be positioned in a passage region of an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam resulting from passage through first scatterer, said second scatterer device being movably disposed in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam; and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam, said plurality of second scatterers of the second scatterer device each being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer of the first scatterer device, said plurality of second scatterers comprising a second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region of the charged particle beam at a first position included in plural different positions in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam and used when said collimator is adapted for a larger second irradiation field than a first irradiation field, and another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at a second position downstream of said first position included in said plural different positions and used when said collimator is adapted for said first irradiation field, said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said second position having a thickness different from that of said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said first position so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said first position. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 18, further comprising a second scatterer moving device for moving said second scatterer device in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and a second scatterer control device for controlling said second scatterer moving device, thereby controlling an amount by which said second scatterer device is to be moved. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1, 7, 8) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to any of claim 1, 7, 8, and 18, wherein said first scatterer device is movable in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 20, further comprising a first scatterer moving device for moving said first scatterer device in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and a first scatterer control device for controlling said first scatterer moving device, thereby controlling an amount by which said first scatterer device is to be moved. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 18, wherein said second scatterer device comprises a table for positioning said second scatterer in said passage region, and a table moving device for moving said table in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) Particle beam irradiation equipment according to claim 22, further comprising a table control device for controlling said table moving device, thereby controlling movement of said table. ### Claim 24 A particle beam irradiation method using a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprising a first scatterer through which a charged particle beam passes, a plurality of second scatterers through which an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam passes after having passed said first scatterer, said plurality of second scatterers comprising a second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in a passage region of said charged particle beam at one position included in plural different positions in the direction of travel of said-charged particle beam, and another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at another position downstream of said one position included in said plural different positions, and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam, said plurality of second scatterers each being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer of the first scatterer device, said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said another position having a thickness different from that of said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said one position so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam than said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said one position,˜ comprising the steps of: placing said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size in said passage region of said unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam at said one position when said collimator is adapted for a larger second irradiation field than a first irradiation field, and irradiating said charged particle beam after having passed said first scatterer and said second scatterer positioned at said one position; and placing said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size in said passage region of said unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam at said another position when said collimator is adapted for said first irradiation field, and irradiating said charged particle beam after having passed said first scatterer and said another second scatterer positioned at said another position. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) A particle beam irradiation method according to claim 24, wherein said first scatterer is moved in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) A particle beam irradiation method according to claim 24, wherein said second scatterer is placed at said selected position by moving said second scatterer in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam. ### Claim 27 A method of adjusting a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprising a first scatterer through which a charged particle beam passes, a plurality of second scatterers through which an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam passes after having passed said first scatterer, said plurality of second scatterers comprising a second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in a passage region of said charged particle beam at one position included in plural different positions in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at another position downstream of said one position included in said plural different positions, and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam, said plurality of second scatterers each being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer of the first scatterer device, said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said another position having a thickness different from that of said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said one position so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said one position; comprising the steps of: placing said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size in said passage region at said one position when said collimator is adapted for a larger second irradiation field than a first irradiation field; and placing said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size in said passage region at said another position when said collimator is adapted for said first irradiation field. ### Claim 28 A method of adjusting a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle comprising a first scatterer through which a charged particle beam passes, a plurality of second scatterers through which an unoccluded Gaussian distributed charged particle beam passes after having passed said first scatterer, said plurality of second scatterers comprising a second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in a passage region of said charged particle beam at one position included in plural different positions in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at another position downstream of said one position included in said plural different positions, and a collimator for shaping said charged particle beam, said plurality of second scatterers each being configured to have higher scatter strength in the central side than in the radially outer peripheral side to provide a beam irradiation of a double scattering method in combination with said first scatterer of the first scatterer device, said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said another position having a thickness different from that of said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said one position so as to provide smaller scattering strength of said charged particle beam in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of said charged particle beam than said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size caused to position in said passage region at said one position.˜ comprising the steps of: selecting one of said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size and said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size depending on the size of the irradiation field size for which said collimator is adapted, and placing the selected second scatterer in said passage region at a selected one of said plural different positions in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) A method of adjusting a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle according to claim 28, wherein said placing of the selected second scatterer at said selected position is carried out by placing in said passage region the second scatterer included in one of an upstream second scatterer device including said second scatterer for larger irradiation field size to be positioned at said one position downstream of said first scatterer in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam, and a downstream second scatterer device including said another second scatterer for smaller irradiation field size to be positioned in said another position downstream of said upstream second scatterer device. ### Claim 30 (depends on 28) A method of adjusting a charged particle beam irradiation nozzle according to claim 28, wherein said placing of the selected second scatterer at said selected position is carried out by moving said second scatterers in the direction of travel of said charged particle beam.