Electroactive polymers

An electroactive polymeric arylene comprising:

• a conjugated internal region, and end capping groups;
• wherein the conjugated internal region comprises three or more arylene units, each of said arylene units being covalently bonded to two adjacent arylene units, or to an adjacent arylene unit and to an end capping group;
• wherein one or more of the arylene units of the internal region have the structure of Formula I
• wherein Ar1 is a phenylene or naphthylene group arylene that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, fluoro, aryl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, and hydrocarbyl containing one or more S, N, O, P, or Si atoms;
• wherein a is 1 or 2;
• wherein each Ey is independently selected from groups having the structures of Formulas II and III
• wherein X is O, S, or NR1, where R1 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heteroalkyl;
• wherein each R2 is independently alkyl, alkoxy, fluoro, aryl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl;
• wherein b is 0, 1, or 2;
• wherein Ar2 is a carbocyclic aryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, fluoro, aryl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, alkyloxadiazolyl, aryloxadiazolyl, alkyltriazolyl, aryltriazolyl, and hydrocarbyl containing one or more S, N, O, P, or Si atoms;
• wherein the end capping groups are each independently selected from carbocyclic aryl, heteroaryl, and tertiary aromatic amino aryl groups that are electrochemically stable;
• wherein each end capping group is conjugated to the conjugated internal region;
• and
• wherein each end capping group is unsubstitued or substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, and hydrocarbyl containing one or more S, N, O, P, or Si atoms.