Electrochemical method for attaching molecular and biomolecular structures to semiconductor microstructures and nanostructures

A method for manufacturing molecular probes on semiconductor nanostructures, the method comprising

• providing a plurality of nanowires structures, the plurality of nanowires structures comprising a semiconductor material, each of the nanowire structures comprising a surface region;
• forming a precursor layer overlying the surface region of each of the nanowire structures;
• immersing the plurality of nanowire structures in an fluid, the fluid being an electrolyte including a plurality of reactive molecules;
• selectively applying an electrical voltage from an external source with respect to a reference electrode to one or more of the nanowires from the plurality of nanowires, changing a potential of the selected nanowire or nanowires;
• forming one or more reactive sites on a portion of the precursor layer by electrochemically changing the portion of the precursor layer on the surface region of the selected one or more nanowire structures from the plurality of nanowires structures to program electrochemically the one or more selected nanowire structures;
• initiating one or more chemical bonds between one end of a electroactive molecules from a plurality of electroactive molecules on the portion of precursor layer to at least one of the reactive molecules through the fluid;
• and
• continuing to apply the reactive molecules to the surface region of the one or more selected nanowire structures.