# US 7,412,011 B2 · Joint ratio estimation and weights detection in closed loop transmit diversity

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- Number: US 7,412,011 B2
- Document ID: US7412011B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 10/652,290
- Filed: 2003-08-29
- Published: 2005-03-03
- Granted: 2008-08-12
- Earliest claimed: 2003-08-29
- Assignees: Texas Instruments Incorporated
- Inventors: Tao Luo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7412011B2

## CPC

- H04B 7/0634: {Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients}
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

A communications device configured to extract weighting factors from incoming signals received from two or more antennas while estimating a channel ratio for the signals. The device includes at least one antenna and a digital signal processor. The method includes receiving two signals and extracting the weighting factors while estimating the channel ratio.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A device, comprising:
at least one antenna capable of receiving a first signal from a first antenna and a second signal from a second antenna; and
a digital signal processor configured to extract a first weighting factor and a second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal, and to perform signal combining using the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor;
wherein the channel ratio being estimated comprises a channel gain ratio between dedicated pilot symbols and common pilot symbols.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an RF unit configured to convert the first signal and the second signal to baseband signals; and
wherein the digital signal processor is configured to extract the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the baseband signals while estimating a channel ratio for the baseband signals.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The device of claim 2, further comprising:
a descrambler configured to descramble the baseband signals.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured to use an estimation of the channel ratio.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The device of claim 4, wherein the estimation of the channel ratio â is expressible as:
a
^
w
1
,
w
2
=

f
⁡
(
n
)

2

w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
)

2
,
where f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain, ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain, ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain, for slot n.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The device of claim 5, wherein the estimate of the channel gain f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, wherein the estimate of the first channel gain ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, and wherein the estimate of the second channel gain ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The device of claim 5, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The device of claim 7, wherein the maximum likelihood method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 9 (depends on 5)

The device of claim 5, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The device of claim 9, wherein the MAP likelihood method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
[
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
…
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
]
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The device of claim 11, wherein the maximum likelihood method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The device of claim 13, wherein the MAP method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
[
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
…
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
]
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured as one or more of a cell phone or a computer.

### Claim 16

A device, comprising:
at least one antenna means capable of receiving a first signal from a first antenna and a second signal from a second antenna;
means for extracting a first weighting factor and a second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal; and
means for performing signal combining using the first weighting factor and the second weighting factors
wherein the channel ratio being estimated comprises a channel gain ratio between dedicated pilot symbols and common pilot symbols.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The device of claim 16, further comprising:
means for converting the first signal and the second signal to baseband signals, wherein the means for extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal includes means for extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the baseband signals while estimating a channel ratio for the baseband signals.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The device of claim 17, further comprising:
means for descrambling the baseband signals.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The device of claim 16, wherein the means for extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal is further configured to use an estimation of the channel ratio.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The device of claim 19, wherein the estimation of the channel ratio â is expressible as:
a
^
w
1
,
w
2
=

f
⁡
(
n
)

2

w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
)

2
,
where f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain, ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain, ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain, for slot n.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The device of claim 20, wherein the estimate of the channel gain f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, wherein the estimate of the first channel gain ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, and wherein the estimate of the second channel gain ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

The device of claim 20, wherein the means for extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal is further configured consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The device of claim 22, wherein the maximum likelihood method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 24 (depends on 20)

The device of claim 20, wherein the means for extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal is further configured consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The device of claim 24, wherein the MAP method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
[
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
…
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
]
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 26 (depends on 16)

The device of claim 16, wherein the means for extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal is further configured consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The device of claim 26, wherein the maximum likelihood method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 28 (depends on 16)

The device of claim 16, wherein the means for extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal is further configured consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The device of claim 28, wherein the MAP method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
[
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
…
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
]
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 30 (depends on 16)

The device of claim 16, wherein the device is configured as one or more of a cell phone or a computer.

### Claim 31

A communications system, comprising:
a base station, comprising:
a first antenna configured to transmit a first signal using a first weighting factor; and
a second antenna configured to transmit a second signal using a second weighting factor; and
a device, comprising:
at least one antenna capable of receiving the first signal from the first antenna and the second signal from the second antenna; and
a digital signal processor configured to extract a first weighting factor and a second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal, and to perform signal combining using the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor;
wherein the channel ratio being estimated comprises a channel gain ratio between dedicated pilot symbols and common pilot symbols.

### Claim 32 (depends on 31)

The communications system of claim 31, wherein the device further comprises:
an RF unit configured to convert the first signal and the second signal to baseband signals; and
wherein the digital signal processor is configured to extract the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the baseband signals while estimating a channel ratio for the baseband signals.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The communications system of claim 32, wherein the device further comprises:
a descrambler configured to descramble the baseband signals.

### Claim 34 (depends on 31)

The communications system of claim 31, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured to use an estimation of the channel ratio.

### Claim 35 (depends on 34)

The communications system of claim 34, wherein the estimation of the channel ratio â is expressible as:
a
^
w
1
,
w
2
=

f
⁡
(
n
)

2

w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
)

2
,
where f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain, ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain, ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain, for slot n.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The communications system of claim 35, wherein the estimate of the channel gain f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, wherein the estimate of the first channel gain ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, and wherein the estimate of the second channel gain ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols.

### Claim 37 (depends on 35)

The communications system of claim 35, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 38 (depends on 37)

The communications system of claim 37, wherein the maximum likelihood method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 39 (depends on 35)

The communications system of claim 35, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 40 (depends on 39)

The communications system of claim 39, wherein the MAP method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
[
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
…
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
]
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 41 (depends on 31)

The communications system of claim 31, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 42 (depends on 41)

The communications system of claim 41, wherein the maximum likelihood method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 43 (depends on 31)

The communications system of claim 31, wherein the digital signal processor is further configured consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 44 (depends on 43)

The communications system of claim 43, wherein the MAP method uses an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
[
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⁢
⁢
…
⁢
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
]
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, h (n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 45 (depends on 31)

The communications system of claim 31, wherein the device is configured as one or more of a cell phone or a computer.

### Claim 46

A method for improving communications, the method comprising:
receiving a first signal and a second signal;
extracting a first weighting factor and a second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating a channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal; and
performing signing combining using the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor;
wherein the channel ratio being estimated comprises a channel gain ratio between dedicated pilot symbols and common pilot symbols.

### Claim 47 (depends on 46)

The method of claim 46, further comprising:
converting the first signal and the second signal to baseband signals;
wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the baseband signals while estimating a channel ratio for the baseband signals.

### Claim 48 (depends on 47)

The method of claim 47, further comprising:
descrambling the baseband signals.

### Claim 49 (depends on 46)

The method of claim 46, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal further comprises using an estimation of the channel ratio.

### Claim 50 (depends on 49)

The method of claim 49, wherein using the estimation of the channel ratio further comprises using an estimation of the channel ratio â expressible as:
a
^
w
1
,
w
2
=

f
⁡
(
n
)

2

w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
)

2
,
where f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain, ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain, ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain, for slot n.

### Claim 51 (depends on 50)

The method of claim 50, wherein the estimate of the channel gain f(n) is an estimate of a channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, wherein the estimate of the first channel gain ĝ1(n) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, and wherein the estimate of the second channel gain ĝ2(n) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols.

### Claim 52 (depends on 50)

The method of claim 50, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 53 (depends on 52)

The method of claim 52, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the maximum likelihood method further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the maximum likelihood method using an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 54 (depends on 50)

The method of claim 50, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 55 (depends on 54)

The method of claim 54, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the MAP method further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the MAP method using an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 56 (depends on 46)

The method of claim 46, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with a maximum likelihood method.

### Claim 57 (depends on 56)

The method of claim 56, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the maximum likelihood method further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the maximum likelihood method using an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
μ
2
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
]
,
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σ1 is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi(n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.

### Claim 58 (depends on 46)

The method of claim 46, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with a maximum a priori (MAP) method.

### Claim 59 (depends on 58)

The method of claim 58, wherein extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the MAP method further comprises extracting the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor from the first signal and the second signal while estimating the channel ratio for the first signal and the second signal consistent with the MAP method using an estimation for weighting factors expressible as:
w
^
=
arg
⁢
⁢
max
w
⁡
[
∑
l
=
1
L
⁢
-
2
⁢
Real
⁢
{
y
d
⁢
⁢
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
H
⁡
[
d
⁡
(
1
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
d
⁡
(
2
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
⋯
d
⁡
(
K
)
⁢
(
w
^
1
⁢
g
^
1
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
+
w
^
2
⁢
g
^
2
⁡
(
n
,
l
)
)
⁢
a
w
1
,
w
2
]
σ
l
2
}
+
a
w
1
,
w
2
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
H
⁢
C
-
1
⁢
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
+
10
⁢
ln
⁡
(
p
⁡
(
w
)
)
]
where ŵ1 is an estimate for the first weighting factor, ŵ2 is an estimate for the second weighting factor, ĝ1(n,l) is an estimate of a first channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, ĝ2(n,l) is an estimate of a second channel gain for dedicated pilot symbols, n is a slot, l is a path index, σl is a variance, C−1 is an inverse of a noise variance matrix, d(l) is an lth dedicated pilot signal, K is a number of dedicated pilot symbols, L is a number of paths, H is a complex conjugate operation, ln(x) is natural logarithm of x, p(w) is a prior probability of using a given weighting factor, and
μ
2
⁡
(
n
)
=
⌊
1
2
⁢
b
1
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
1
2
⁢
b
2
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⋯
1
2
⁢
b
K
⁡
(
w
1
⁢
h
1
⁡
(
n
)
+
w
2
⁢
h
2
⁡
(
n
)
)
⌋
T
,
where bj is a jth dedicated pilot symbol, hi (n) are stacked channel gains from an ith antenna to the device via different paths at an nth slot, and T is a matrix transpose operation.