# US 7,411,723 B2 · Multi-stage optical switching device

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- Number: US 7,411,723 B2
- Document ID: US7411723B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 11/446,858
- Filed: 2006-06-05
- Published: 2006-10-05
- Granted: 2008-08-12
- Earliest claimed: 2001-12-20
- Assignees: St. Clair Intellectual Property Consultants, Inc.
- Inventors: John E. Minardi; John L. Janning
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7411723B2

## CPC

- G02F 1/313: in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F 1/1326: {Liquid crystal optical waveguides or liquid crystal cells specially adapted for gating or modulating between optical waveguides}
- G02F 1/195: {by using frustrated reflection (digital reflection using controlled total internal reflection G02F1/315)}
- G02F 1/29: for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F 1/315: based on the use of controlled internal reflection
- G02F 1/13: based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F 1/1393: {the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells (G02F1/1396, G02F1/141 take precedence)}
- G02F 2202/13: photorefractive
- G02F 2203/023: total internal reflection
- G02F 2203/026: attenuated or frustrated internal reflection
- G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS

## Abstract

An optical switching device contains an active stage coupled to a passive stage. The index of refraction in the active stage is variable to change the entry direction of a light beam into the passive stage, which has a fixed index of refraction. Because the light beam can enter the passive stage at different angles, the exit direction of the light beam from the passive stage can be changed. The resulting optical switch allows switching without any mechanical components.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of manufacturing an optical device, comprising:
providing a first element having a first index of refraction;
providing a second element in communication with the first element and having a second index of refraction, wherein the first and second elements include non-conductive outer plates that at least partially overlay the first and second elements; and
providing a refractive layer comprising liquid crystals between the first and second conductive layers or plates, such that the refractive layer can change the direction of a radiated beam that is transmitted between the first and second conductive layers or plates.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first index of refraction is variable.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the second index of refraction is variable.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein the second index of refraction is fixable.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the second element includes an additional non-conductive layer that is positioned or sandwiched between a portion of the two outer non-conductive layers.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising depositing an active element conductive material on a portion of the non-conductive outer plates to form an active element portion and a passive element portion.

### Claim 7

A method of manufacturing an optical device, comprising:
providing first and second nonconductive plates;
disposing or forming a conductive layer on a portion of the first plate and on a portion of the second plate;
providing a third nonconductive plate between portions of the first and second plates such that the third plate does not contact the conductive layers and a passive element is formed that comprises the third plate along with the first and second plates; and
providing a refractive layer comprising liquid crystals between the conductive layers formed on the first and second plates to form an active element with a variable index of refraction such that the active element can change the entry direction of a radiated beam into the passive element to cause total internal reflection of the beam in the passive element.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the active element and the passive elements are formed simultaneously.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein in the passive element, the first, second, and third plates are layered together.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the conductive layer is comprised of indium-tin-oxide.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second plates are approximately 1.1 mm thick.

### Claim 12 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the third plate is thinner than the first and second plates.

### Claim 13 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the third plate does not contact any portion of the refractive layer.

### Claim 14 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, including the step of applying a thin clear coating to the periphery of the plates to hold or bind the device.