# US 7,411,466 B2 · Coil-less overtone crystal oscillator > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,411,466 B2 - Document ID: US7411466B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/457,580 - Filed: 2006-07-14 - Published: 2008-01-31 - Granted: 2008-08-12 - Earliest claimed: 2006-07-14 - Assignees: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. - Inventors: Ronald C. Alford - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7411466B2 ## CPC - H03B 5/36: active element in amplifier being semiconductor device ({H03B5/323, H03B5/326} , H03B5/38 take precedence) - H03B: GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS (generators adapted for electrophonic musical instruments G10H; masers or lasers H01S; generation of oscillations in plasma H05H) ## Abstract An overtone crystal oscillator including a crystal, multiple amplifiers and an RC network. The crystal has a fundamental resonance frequency and at least one overtone resonance frequency. The amplifiers are coupled in series between terminals of the crystal and the RC network is coupled to the amplifiers. The amplifiers and the RC network are collectively configured to suppress oscillation of the crystal at the fundamental resonance frequency and to enable oscillation at an overtone resonance frequency of the crystal. The amplifiers and the RC network may be configured to cause a phase shift between the fundamental resonance frequency and the overtone resonance frequency. The overtone resonance frequency may be any odd harmonic of the fundamental frequency, such as a third overtone of the crystal. The overtone crystal oscillator may be integrated with CMOS processes and does not require an inductor to suppress the fundamental mode of oscillation. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An overtone crystal oscillator, comprising: a crystal having first and second terminals and having a fundamental resonance frequency and at least one overtone resonance frequency; a plurality of amplifiers coupled in series between said first and second terminals, comprising: a first inverting amplifier having an input coupled to said first terminal of said crystal and having an output; a second inverting amplifier having an input coupled to said output of said first inverting amplifier and having an output; and a third inverting amplifier having an input coupled to said output of said second inverting amplifier and having an output coupled to said second terminal of said crystal; and a resistor-capacitor (RC) network coupled to said plurality of amplifiers, comprising: a first capacitor coupled between said output of said first inverting amplifier and said input of said third inverting amplifier; a second capacitor coupled between said input of said third inverting amplifier and said input of said first inverting amplifier; a third capacitor coupled between said output of said third inverting amplifier and said input of said first inverting amplifier; a first pair of resistors coupled in series between said input and said output of said first inverting amplifier and forming a first intermediate node; and a second pair of resistors coupled in series between said input and said output of said third inverting amplifier and forming a second intermediate node which is coupled to said first intermediate node; wherein said plurality of amplifiers and said RC network are collectively configured to suppress oscillation of said crystal at said fundamental resonance frequency and to enable oscillation at said at least one overtone resonance frequency of said crystal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The overtone crystal oscillator of claim 1, wherein said plurality of amplifiers and said RC network are configured to cause a phase shift between said fundamental resonance frequency and said at least one overtone resonance frequency. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The overtone crystal oscillator of claim 1, wherein said at least one overtone resonance frequency comprises a third overtone of said crystal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The overtone crystal oscillator of claim 3, wherein said third overtone is approximately 100 megahertz. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The overtone crystal oscillator of claim 1, wherein said plurality of amplifiers and said RC network are integrated onto a CMOS integrated circuit. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The overtone crystal oscillator of claim 1, wherein said RC network further comprises a pair of load capacitors, each coupled between a corresponding one of said first and second terminals of said crystal and ground. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The overtone crystal oscillator of claim 6, wherein said first, second and third inverting amplifiers and said RC network are integrated onto a CMOS integrated circuit. ### Claim 8 A resonant amplifier circuit for coupling in the feedback path of a crystal oscillator, the crystal oscillator having a crystal with first and second terminals coupled to load capacitance and an inverting amplifier circuit, said resonant amplifier comprising: a first inverting amplifier having an input for coupling to the first terminal of the crystal and an output for coupling to an input of the inverting amplifier circuit; a second inverting amplifier having an input for coupling to an output of the inverting amplifier circuit and an output for coupling to the second terminal of the crystal; and a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit coupled to said first and second inverting amplifiers, comprising: a first capacitor coupled between said output of said first inverting amplifier and said input of said second inverting amplifier; a second capacitor coupled between said input of said second inverting amplifier and said input of said first inverting amplifier; a third capacitor coupled between said output of said first inverting amplifier and said input of said first inverting amplifier; a first pair of resistors coupled in series between said input and said output of said first inverting amplifier and forming a first intermediate node; and a second pair of resistors coupled in series between said input and said output of said second inverting amplifier and forming a second intermediate node which is coupled to said first intermediate node; wherein said first and second inverting amplifiers and said RC circuit are collectively configured to suppress oscillation of the crystal oscillator at a fundamental resonance frequency and to enable oscillation at an overtone resonance frequency of the crystal oscillator. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The resonant amplifier circuit of claim 8, wherein said first and second inverting amplifiers and said RC network collectively have an open-loop resonance between said fundamental resonance frequency and said overtone resonance frequency. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The resonant amplifier circuit of claim 8, wherein said first and second inverting amplifiers and said RC network collectively exhibit a gain peaking overshoot and a phase shift between said fundamental resonance frequency and said overtone resonance frequency. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The resonant amplifier circuit of claim 8, wherein said first and second inverting amplifiers and said RC network are integrated onto a CMOS integrated circuit. ### Claim 12 An integrated circuit for enabling oscillation of an externally coupled overtone crystal, the overtone crystal oscillator having a fundamental resonance frequency and at least one overtone resonance frequency, said integrated circuit comprising: first and second pins for coupling to the crystal; a plurality of amplifiers coupled in series between said first and second pins, comprising: a first inverting amplifier having an input coupled to said first pin and having an output; a second inverting amplifier having an input coupled to said output of said first inverting amplifier and having an output; and a third inverting amplifier having an input coupled to said output of said second inverting amplifier and having an output coupled to said second pin; and a resistor-capacitor (RC) network coupled to said plurality of amplifiers, comprising: a first capacitor coupled between said output of said first inverting amplifier and said input of said third inverting amplifier; a second capacitor coupled between said input of said third inverting amplifier and said input of said first inverting amplifier; third capacitor coupled between said output of said third inverting amplifier and said input of said first inverting amplifier; a first pair of resistors coupled in series between said input and said output of said first inverting amplifier and forming a first intermediate node; and a second pair of resistors coupled in series between said input and said output of said third inverting amplifier and forming a second intermediate node which is coupled to said first intermediate node; wherein said plurality of amplifiers and said RC network are collectively configured to suppress oscillation of the crystal at said fundamental resonance frequency and to enable oscillation at said at least one overtone resonance frequency of the crystal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The IC of claim 12, wherein said plurality of amplifiers and said RC network are integrated onto a CMOS integrated circuit. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The IC of claim 13, wherein said RC network further comprises a pair of load capacitors, each coupled between a corresponding one of said first and second pins and ground. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The overtone crystal oscillator of claim 13, wherein said first, second and third inverting amplifiers and said RC network are configured to suppress oscillation of the crystal at the fundamental resonance frequency and to enable oscillation at a selected overtone resonance frequency.