# US 7,407,546 B2 · Method of removing ammonia from fly ash and fly ash composition produced thereby

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 7,407,546 B2
- Document ID: US7407546B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 11/970,431
- Filed: 2008-01-07
- Published: 2008-05-15
- Granted: 2008-08-05
- Earliest claimed: 2005-09-02
- Assignees: Boral Material Technologies Inc.
- Inventors: Russell L. Hill; Carmel Jolicoeur; Thi Cong To
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7407546B2

## CPC

- C04B 28/02: containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B 18/08: Flue dust {, i.e. fly ash}
- Y02W 30/91: Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
- Y10S 106/01: Fly ash
- C04B: LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- Y02W: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

## Abstract

A method of treating fly ash and fly ash treated thereby, the method involving contacting ammonia-laden fly ash with an organic base-containing treatment composition, where the organic base causes the ammonia within the fly ash to evolve from the fly ash. The treatment composition preferably includes an effective amount of one or more amines. The treatment compound may be applied to the fly ash in any manner effective to disperse the treatment compound among the fly ash.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A process for the production of cementitious material comprising the steps of
supplying an ammonia-laden fly ash;
supplying a treatment composition comprising one or more organic bases;
contacting the ammonia-laden fly ash with the treatment composition to produce a treated fly ash having an ammonia content of less than about 150 ppm per total weight of the treated fly ash; and
mixing the treated fly ash with a hydraulic cement.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, further comprising mixture of the formed cementitious material with an aggregate material to form concrete.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, further comprising the step of agitating the fly ash and the treatment composition prior to mixing the treated fly ash and the hydraulic cement.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, further comprising the step of heating the fly ash and the treatment composition prior to mixing the treated fly ash and the hydraulic cement.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the treatment composition is a non-aqueous composition.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the one or more organic bases have a pKb value of less than 4.75.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the treatment composition comprises one or more amines.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The process of claim 7, wherein the one or more amines are selected from the group consisting of amines with a pKb value of less than 4.75.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The process of claim 7, wherein the one or more amines include one or more amines selected from the group consisting of cycloamines, diamines, polyamines, and compounds represented by formula (I)
where R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, aryl, and hydroxyaryl, wherein the alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl and hydroxyaryl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted and branched or unbranched, and R3 is selected from C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl (including alkoxylated hydroxyalkyl), aryl, hydroxyaryl, and C2-C4 alkenyl, wherein the alkyl, hydroxyaryl, aryl, hydroxyaryl and alkenyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted and branched or unbranched.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The process of claim 9, wherein the one or more amines includes one or more amines selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (I)
wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen and C1-C8 alkyl wherein the alkyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl and C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, wherein the alkyl and hydroxyalkyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted and branched or unbranched, and R3 is selected from C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl (which may be alkoxylated with 1-3 oxyalkylene groups), aryl, and C2-C4 alkenyl, wherein the alkyl, hydroxylalkyl, aryl and alkenyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted and branched or unbranched.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The process of claim 9, wherein the one or more amines are selected from the group consisting of monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, triethanol amine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-(methylamino)-ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethyoxy)ethanol, ethylenediamine, and diethyenetriaminee.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The process of claim 9, wherein the one or more amines selected from the group consisting of cycloamines, diamines, polyamines, and amines represented by formula (I) includes one or more amines with a pKb value of less than 4.75.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The process of claim 9, wherein the one or more amines selected from the group consisting of cycloamines, diamines, polyamines, and amines represented by formula (I) includes two or more amines with a pKb value of less than 4.75.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The process of claim 9, wherein the one or more amines selected from the group consisting of cycloamines, diamines, polyamines, and amines represented by formula (I) includes one or more amines with a pKb value of less than 4.75 and one or more amines with a pKb value of more than 4.75.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the water content in the treatment composition produces a treated fly ash having less than 1.5 wt % water, based on the total wt % of the fly ash.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the treatment composition is supplied as a liquid spray.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the treatment composition is supplied as a vapor.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the step of contacting the ammonia-laden fly ash with the treatment composition comprises the step of determining the amount of the treatment composition to be applied to the ammonia-laden fly ash based on the flow rate of the fly ash.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the step of contacting the ammonia-laden fly ash with the treatment composition comprises the step of pressurizing the treatment composition prior to contacting the treatment composition with the fly ash.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, further comprising the step of contacting the fly ash with a treating fluid comprising an agent selected from the group consisting of sacrificial agents, surfactants, dispersants, chemical activators, coating compositions, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The process of claim 1, wherein the treatment composition further comprises at least one alkaline salt.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The process of claim 21, wherein the treatment composition further comprises at least one alkaline salt selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium aluminate, and sodium silicate.