Nanostructure-based solid state charging device

A method of charging a receptor with an electrophotographic charging device, the method comprising:

• providing a solid state charging device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the second electrode comprises a plurality of nanostructures having a first end in electrical contact with a surface of the second electrode;
• applying an AC voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode;
• generating a plurality of charged species at a second end of the plurality of nanostructures;
• charging a receptor disposed opposing and spaced apart from the second electrode by depositing charged species on the receptor;
• and
• applying a DC voltage to the second electrode, wherein the DC voltage is approximately equal to a final receptor voltage.

An electrophotographic charging device comprising:

• a dielectric layer;
• a first electrode disposed adjacent to a first surface of the dielectric layer;
• a second electrode, wherein the second electrode has a first surface disposed adjacent to a second surface of the dielectric layer;
• and
• a plurality of nanostructures, wherein each of the plurality of nanostructures has an end in electrical contact with a second surface of the second electrode facing away from the first electrode.