A water electrolysis device for determination of stable isotopic composition of water and performing mass spectrometry of one of hydrogen stable isotopic composition and oxygen stable isotopic composition, the water electrolysis device comprising a proton exchange membrane which is made of fluorocarbon polymer plated non-electrolytically with one of platinum, iridium, rhodium and iridium-rhodium alloy, and a cathode and an anode made of porous titanium plated with platinum and sandwiching the proton exchange membrane between them, wherein water is electrolyzed by introducing water into the anode side and supplying a DC current between the anode and the cathode, and oxygen gas generated at the anode and hydrogen gas generated at the cathode are respectively allowed to flow into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.