Apparatus for circulating carrier fluid

A method for operating an apparatus for circulating a carrier fluid comprising:

• simultaneously applying a pressure to an inlet pneumatic air pressure port of one chamber and venting an outlet pneumatic air pressure port of an adjacent chamber in a fluid flow direction to allow the carrier fluid to move from the one chamber to the adjacent chamber;
• controlling a pressure applied to the outlet pneumatic air pressure port of the adjacent chamber to retain the carrier fluid in the adjacent chamber for a predetermined time;
• and
• repeating the applying and the controlling, wherein the apparatus comprises:
• a plurality of chambers maintained at different temperatures, each chamber comprising:
• an inlet valve comprising an inlet channel connected to the chamber, and an inlet pneumatic air pressure port connected directly with the inlet channel for controlling inflow of the carrier fluid to the chamber;
• and
• an outlet valve comprising an outlet channel connected to the chamber, and an outlet pneumatic air pressure port connected directly with the outlet channel for controlling outflow of the carrier fluid from the chamber;
• wherein the chambers are sequentially connected such that the outlet valve of one chamber of the plurality of chambers substitutes for the inlet valve of a next chamber of the plurality of chambers in a direction of the carrier fluid flow and form a closed loop.