Method of treating addiction or dependence using a ligand for a monamine receptor or transporter

A method of treating a mammal afflicted with or suffering from a drug addiction or a drug dependency for which a dopamine, serotonin, or norepinephrine receptor or transporter antagonist is indicated, comprising the step of:

• administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, wherein said compound is represented by A:
• wherein
• X represents C(R3)2 or C═O;
• Z represents C(R3)2, C(O), or O;
• m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
• n is 1;
• p is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• y is 0, 1, or 2;
• R represents H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, or heteroaralkyl;
• R1 represents;
• R2 represents independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloalkyl;
• R3 represents independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, aryl, OR2, OC(O)R2, CH2OR2, or CO2R2;
• R4 represents H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, or OR;
• R5 and R6 are selected independently for each occurrence from the group consisting of H, alkyl, (CH2)pY, aryl, heteroaryl, F, OR2, and OC(O)R2;
• or an instance of CR5R6 taken together is C(O);
• R8 and R9 are selected independently for each occurrence from the group consisting of H, alkyl, (CH2)pY, aryl, heteroaryl, F, OR2, and OC(O)R2;
• or an instance of CR8R9 taken together is C(O);
• Y represents independently for each occurrence OR2, N(R2)2, SR2, S(O)R2, S(O)2R2, or P(O)(OR2)2;
• a covalent bond may connect R4 and an instance of R5 or R6;
• any two instances of R5 and R6 may be connected through a covalent bond;
• and
• the stereochemical configuration at any stereocenter of a compound represented by A is R, S, or a mixture of these configurations.