# US 7,276,814 B2 · Environmentally hardened ethernet switch > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,276,814 B2 - Document ID: US7276814B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/168,352 - Filed: 2005-06-29 - Published: 2006-01-12 - Granted: 2007-10-02 - Earliest claimed: 2002-01-02 - Assignees: Ruggedcom Inc. - Inventors: Marzio Paride Pozzuoli; Xiaoyu Xie - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7276814B2 ## CPC - H04L 12/10: Current supply arrangements - G06F 1/182: {with special features, e.g. for use in industrial environments; grounding or shielding against radio frequency interference [RFI] or electromagnetical interference [EMI]} - G06F 1/20: Cooling means - H02M 3/335: using semiconductor devices only - H05K 7/1092: {with built-in components, e.g. intelligent sockets} - H05K 9/0066: {Constructional details of transient suppressor} - H02M 1/007: {Plural converter units in cascade (push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826)} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS ## Abstract A device for hardening an Ethernet switch is disclosed. The device provides cooling for the switch, and, suppresses electrical transients and electromagnetic interference, which could affect the power supply, and data transmission of the Ethernet switch. Using this device, the Ethernet switch can be used in harsh industrial environments, such as those present in power utility substations. The Ethernet switch may comprise a dual stage isolated power supply. The dual stage isolated power supply has a first DC to DC converter for converting received power from the received voltage to an intermediate voltage. The intermediate voltage is then further converted to a voltage which can be used by the Ethernet switch. Each of the DC to DC converters also provide galvanic isolation and also transient suppression and electromagnetic interference filtering to decrease adverse electrical effects which may be inherent in the power received from an external source. The first and second DC to DC converter provides a first level of galvanic isolation which is greater than the second level of galvanic isolation provided by the second DC to DC converter. The power supply circuit can be used in an Ethernet switch as well as any other intelligent electronic device. ## Claims ### Claim 1 In a network having at least two Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) with at least one electrical connection between the at least two IEDs in the network, a power supply for providing power from an external source to internal components of an associated IED of the at least two IEDs, said power supply circuit comprising: a power input connection for receiving power from the external source at a received voltage with respect to ground; a first DC to DC converter for converting the power from the received voltage to an intermediate voltage and providing a first level of isolation for the internal components of the IED; a second DC to DC converter for receiving power from the first DC to DC converter at the intermediate voltage and converting the power from the intermediate voltage to an internal voltage to be used by the internal components of the associated IED, and, providing a second level of electrical isolation for the internal components of the IED; and wherein the first level of isolation is greater than the second level of isolation to protect the internal components of the IED from adverse electrical effects. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 1 wherein the first DC to DC converter is a fly-back switch mode power supply type DC to DC converter. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 2 wherein the second DC to DC converter is also a fly-back switch mode power supply type DC to DC converter. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 3 wherein the first level of electrical isolation is 3000 to 5000 Volts Root Mean Square (VRMS) and the second level of electrical isolation is about 900 to 1200 VRMS. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The power supply circuit defined in claim 4 wherein the first level of electrical isolation is about 4000 VRMS and the second level of electrical isolation is about 1060 VRMS. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The electrical circuit as defined in claim 5 wherein the adverse electrical effects include a ground potential rise of up to at least 5000 VRMS at a ground of at least one of the at least two IEDs in the network. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 5 further comprising at each electrical connection of each IED, a port isolation circuit providing a third level of isolation between the internal components of another IED in the network. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 7 wherein the adverse electrical effects include a ground potential rise of up to at least 6000 VRMS at one of the at least two IEDs in the network. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The electrical circuit as defined in claim 8 wherein third level of electrical isolation being between 1000 VRMS and 1400 VRMS. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 1 wherein the first and second DC to DC converters depend on their operation on energy stored in a magnetic field of a transformer. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 1 wherein the first DC to DC converter is thermally mounted to a first part of a casing of the associated IED and the second DC to DC converter is thermally mounted to a second part of the casing of the associated IED; and wherein the first part is separate from the second part. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 11 wherein the first part is on a first side of the casing and the second part is on a second side of the casing, different from the first side. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 12 wherein the casing provides a passive cooling of the first and second DC to DC converters such that operation is possible at an ambient temperature between −40° C. to +85° C. and at 25 Watts of power conversion. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 1 wherein the IED is selected from the group consisting of switches, communication routers, Ethernet switches, gateways, video encoders, fiber optic to cable converters, fiber optical to electrical media converters, serial to Ethernet gateways, media converters, serial device servers, computers and modems. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The power supply as defined in claim 1 wherein the network is selected from the group consisting of fiber optical networks comprised of hubs, switches and fiber-to-electrical media converters, communication hubs, communication routers and switches having mixed fiber optical and electrical media ports, and, fiber optical and Ethernet networks comprised of hubs, switches, fiber-to-electrical media converters, serial to Ethernet servers, communication hubs, communication routers, computer hubs, computer network routers, switches and serial to Ethernet servers having mixed fiber optic to electrical media ports. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The power supply as defined in claim 1 wherein at least one IED is located in an electrical power utility substation. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 1 further comprising: transient suppression circuitry connected between the power input connection and the first DC to DC converter for suppressing transient signals in the power from the external source. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 17 wherein the transient suppression circuitry comprises: a surge and transient protection component for suppressing surges and transient signals; and electromagnetic interference filter component for suppressing electromagnetic interferences in the power from the external source. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 18 wherein the power supply circuit suppresses electrical transients entering through the power port to allow substantially error-free communications in accordance with IEEE 1613 class 2 dated Aug. 12, 2003 during the application of EMI immunity type tests. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The power supply circuit as defined in claim 1 further comprising: a rectifier component connected between the power input connection and the first DC to DC converter for converting alternating current to direct current; and wherein the power from the external source may be a direct current having a voltage between 88 V and 300 VDC or an alternating current between 85 and 264 VAC. ### Claim 21 In a network having at least two Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), said network having at least one electrical connection between the at least two IEDs, a method for providing power from an external source to internal components of an associated IED of the at least two IEDs, said method comprising: receiving power from the external source at a received voltage with respect to ground; at a first DC to DC converter, converting the power from the received voltage to an intermediate voltage and providing a first level of isolation for the internal components of the IED; at a second DC to DC converter, receiving power from the first DC to DC converter at the intermediate voltage and converting the power from the intermediate voltage to an internal voltage to be used by the internal components for the associated IED, and, providing a second level of electrical isolation for the internal components of the IED; and wherein the first level of isolation is greater than the second level of isolation to protect the internal components of the IED from adverse electrical effects. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method as defined in claim 21 wherein the first DC to DC converter is a fly-back switch mode power supply type DC to DC converter; and the second DC to DC converter is also a fly-back switch mode power supply type DC to DC converter.