Double-electret mems actuator

An actuator, comprising:

• a first electret layer having an electrical charge;
• a first conductive layer residing on said first electret layer;
• a moveable second electet layer, wherein said second electret layer is in a spaced apart releation to said first conductive layer in a quiescent state;
• a second conductive layer in a spaced apart relation to said second electret layer in said quiescent state;
• and
• a voltgage source configured to selectively apply a voltgage between said first and said second conductive layers, wherein frustration of total internal reflection of light occurs by means of said second electret layer.

An actuator, comprising:

• a first electret layer having an electric charge;
• a first conductive layer;
• a moveable second electret layer, wherein said movable second electret layer is in a spaced apart relation to said first conductive layer in a quiescent state, wherein said first conductive layer is positioned between said first electret layer and said moveable second electret layer;
• a second conductive layer in a spaced apart relation to said movable second electret layer in said quiescent state, said moveable second electret layer positioned between and first conductive layer and said second conductive layer;
• and
• a voltage source configured to selectively apply a voltage between said first and said second conductive layers.