Internal combustion engine producing low emissions

An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, comprising:

• an engine body including an engine cylinder, a cylinder head forming an inner face of the combustion chamber and at least one intake port formed in the cylinder head for directing intake air into the combustion chamber;
• a piston positioned for reciprocal movement in said engine cylinder between a bottom dead center position and a top dead center position, said piston including a piston crown including a top facing the combustion chamber, said piston crown containing a piston bowl formed by an outwardly opening cavity, said piston bowl including a projecting portion having a distal end, an inner bowl floor section extending inwardly, an outwardly flared outer bowl section having a concave curvilinear shape in cross section, and a chamfer extending toward said top face at an angle δ in the range of 30 to 75 degrees from an axis of reciprocation of the piston;
• and
• an injector mounted on the engine body adjacent said projecting portion of said piston bowl to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, said injector including a plurality of orifices arranged to form a spray plume;
• wherein a distance L2 between said center of said outlet opening and said inner face of said cylinder head forming said combustion chamber is in the range of −0.5 to 3 mm.

An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, comprising:

• an engine body including an engine cylinder, a cylinder head forming an inner face of the combustion chamber and at least one intake port formed in the cylinder head for directing intake air into the combustion chamber;
• a piston positioned for reciprocal movement in said engine cylinder between a bottom dead center position and a top dead center position, said piston including a piston crown including a top face facing the combustion chamber, said piston crown containing a piston bowl formed by an outwardly opening cavity, said piston bowl including a projecting portion having a distal end, an inner bowl floor section extending inwardly, an outwardly flared outer bowl section having a concave curvilinear shape in cross section, and a chamfer extending toward said top face at an angle δ in the range of 30 to 75 degrees from an axis of reciprocation of the piston;
• and
• an injector mounted on the engine body adjacent said projecting portion of said piston bowl to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, said injector including a plurality of orifices arranged to form a spray plume;
• wherein said concave curvilinear shape of said outwardly flared outer bowl section has a radius of curvature R1 in the range of 8 to 20 mm.

An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, comprising:

• an engine body including an engine cylinder, a cylinder head forming an inner face of the combustion chamber and at least one intake port formed in the cylinder head for directing intake air into the combustion chamber;
• a piston positioned for reciprocal movement in said engine cylinder between a bottom dead center position and a top dead venter position, said piston including a piston crown including a top face facing the combustion chamber, said piston crown containing a piston bowl formed by an outwardly opening cavity, said piston bowl including a projecting portion having a distal end, an inner bowl floor section extending inwardly, an outwardly flared outer bowl section having a concave curvilinear shape in cross section, and a chamfer extending toward said top face at an angle δ in the range of 30 to 75 degrees from an axis of reciprocation of the piston;
• and
• an injector mounted on the engine body adjacent said projecting portion of said piston bowl to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, said injector including a plurality of orifices arranged to form a spray plume;
• wherein a distance BH between the top face of the piston crown and said center of said outlet opening is in the range of 0.5 to 8 mm.

An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, comprising:

• an engine body including an engine cylinder, a cylinder head forming an inner face of the combustion chamber and at least one intake port formed in the cylinder head for directing intake air into the combustion chamber;
• a piston positioned for reciprocal movement in said engine cylinder between a bottom dead center position and a top dead center position, said piston including a piston crown including a top face facing the combustion chamber, said piston crown containing a piston bowl formed by an outwardly opening cavity, said piston bowl including a projecting portion having a distal end, an inner bowl floor section extending inwardly, an outwardly flared outer bowl section having a concave curvilinear shape in cross section, a chamfer extending at an angle toward said top face, and a transition radius R4 between end of said outer bowl section and said chamfer in the range of 1.5–7 mm;
• and
• an injector mounted on the engine body adjacent said projecting portion of said piston bowl to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, said injector including a plurality of orifices arranged to form a spray plume.

An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, comprising:

• an engine body including an engine cylinder, a cylinder head forming an inner face of the combustion chamber and at least one intake port formed in the cylinder head for directing intake air into the combustion chamber;
• a piston positioned for reciprocal movement in said engine cylinder between a bottom dead center position and a top dead center position, said piston including a piston crown including a top face facing the combustion chamber, said piston crown containing a piston bowl formed by an outwardly opening cavity, said piston bowl including a projecting portion having a distal end, an inner bowl floor section extending inwardly, an outwardly flared outer bowl section having a concave curvilinear shape in cross section, and a chamfer extending toward said top face a vertical distance K in the range of 1 to 17 mm;
• and
• an injector mounted on the engine body adjacent said projecting portion of said piston bowl to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, said injector including a plurality of orifices arranged to form a spray plume.

An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, comprising:

• an engine body including an engine cylinder, a cylinder head forming an inner face of the combustion chamber and at least one intake port formed in the cylinder head for directing intake air into the combustion chamber;
• a piston positioned for reciprocal movement in said engine cylinder between a bottom dead center position and a top dead center position, said piston including a piston crown including a top face facing the combustion chamber, said piston crown containing a piston bowl formed by an outwardly opening cavity, said piston bowl including a projecting portion having a distal end, an inner bowl floor section extending inwardly at an inner bowl floor angle a from a plane perpendicular to an axis of reciprocation of the piston, an outwardly flared outer bowl section having a concave curvilinear shape in cross section, and a chamfer extending toward said top face;
• and
• an injector mounted on the engine body adjacent said projecting portion of said piston bowl to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, said injector including a plurality of orifices arranged to form a spray plume, each of said plurality of orifices having a central axis oriented at a spray angle δ from a plane perpendicular to the axis of reciprocation of the piston so that spray angle δ minus inner bowl floor angle α (β−α) is in the range of −7 to 19.

An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, comprising:

• an engine body including an engine cylinder, a cylinder head forming an inner face of the combustion chamber and at least one intake port formed in the cylinder head for directing intake air into the combustion chamber;
• a piston positioned for reciprocal movement in said engine cylinder between a bottom dead center position and a top dead center position, said piston including a piston crown including a top face facing the combustion chamber, said piston crown containing a piston bowl formed by an outwardly opening cavity, said piston bowl including a projecting portion having a distal end, an inner bowl floor section extending inwardly, an outwardly flared outer bowl section having a concave curvilinear shape in cross section, and a chamfer extending toward said top face;
• and
• an injector mounted on the engine body adjacent said projecting portion of said piston bowl to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, said injector including a plurality of orifices arranged to fonn a spray plume, each of said plurality of orifices having a central axis and including an outlet opening having a center, said center being a distance L1 in the range of 0.5 to 12 mm from said distal end of said projecting portion.