# US 7,208,451 B2 · IMS detection of chemical markers in petroleum products

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- Number: US 7,208,451 B2
- Document ID: US7208451B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 10/354,243
- Filed: 2003-01-29
- Published: 2004-07-29
- Granted: 2007-04-24
- Earliest claimed: 2003-01-29
- Assignees: Authentic, Inc.
- Inventors: W. Dale Spall; Karen Mehlin
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7208451B2

## CPC

- C10L 1/003: {Marking, e.g. coloration by addition of pigments}
- C10L 1/14: Organic compounds
- C10M 129/24: Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10M 133/12: having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M 171/007: {Coloured or dyes-containing lubricant compositions}
- G01N 27/622: Ion mobility spectrometry
- G01N 33/2882: {Markers}
- C10L 1/1608: {Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene}
- C10L 1/182: containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof {(C10L1/1802, C10L1/1805, C10L1/1808, C10L1/1811, C10L1/1814, C10L1/1817 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/1852: {Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters}
- C10L 1/188: Carboxylic acids; {metal} salts thereof {(C10L1/1802, C10L1/1805, C10L1/1808, C10L1/1811, C10L1/1814, C10L1/1817 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/20: containing halogen
- C10L 1/2222: {(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates (C10L1/221 takes precedence)}
- C10L 1/223: having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom {(C10L1/221, C10L1/2227 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/2283: {containing one or more carbon to nitrogen double bonds, e.g. guanidine, hydrazone, semi-carbazone, azomethine (C10L1/221, C10L1/226 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/2286: {containing one or more carbon to nitrogen triple bonds, e.g. nitriles (C10L1/221, C10L1/226 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/23: containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites {(C10L1/221 takes precedence)}
- C10L 1/231: {nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites (C10L1/221 takes precedence)}
- C10L 1/232: containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring {(C10L1/221 takes precedence)}
- C10L 1/2406: {mercaptans; hydrocarbon sulfides}
- C10L 1/2425: {Thiocarbonic acids and derivatives thereof, e.g. xanthates; Thiocarbamic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. dithio-carbamates; Thiurams}
- C10L 1/2431: {sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides}
- C10L 1/245: {only sulfur as hetero atom}
- C10M 2207/08: Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10M 2215/06: having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10N 2020/01: {Physico-chemical properties}
- C10N 2040/42: {Flashing oils or marking oils}
- Y10T 436/13: Tracers or tags
- C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10M: LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS (well drilling compositions C09K8/02); USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION (mould release, i.e. separating, agents for metals B22C3/00, for plastics or substances in a plastic state, in general B29C33/56, for glass C03B40/02; textile lubricating compositions D06M11/00, D06M13/00, D06M15/00; immersion oils for microscopy G02B21/33)
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- C10N: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

A method and composition for identifying chemically tagged petroleum products can be achieved by adding one or more chemicals to a selected petroleum product wherein the chemical is immune to extraction from the petroleum product by conventional inexpensive absorbents, cannot be removed by extraction with acids, bases, or immiscible solvents, cannot be easily oxidized, reduced or reacted with common agents, is difficult to disguise by masking with other agents, has a low polarity, and has a boiling point in the range of the petroleum product the chemical is being added to. The presence of the chemical is determined by using ion mobility spectroscopy.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for preparing a chemically tagged petroleum product, the method comprising the steps of:
identifying a plurality of containers containing a petroleum product to be tagged; and,
adding to at least one of the containers a chemical with the general formula RCAR′,
wherein R is a component selected from the group consisting of alkyl, olefin, aryl, and heterocycle;
wherein R′ is a compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl, olefin, aryl, heterocycle and hydrogen;
wherein A is a compound selected from the group consisting of ketones, alcohol, amines, cyano, sulfate, nitrile, nitrate, halogen, organic acid, mercaptan, aldehyde, formyl, thiocyano, and isothiocyano; and,
wherein the chemical is encased in a permeable sphere.

### Claim 2

A method for preparing a chemically tagged petroleum product, the method comprising the steps of:
identifying a plurality of containers containing a petroleum product so be tagged; and,
adding to at least one of the containers a chemical with the general formula RCAR′,
wherein R is a component selected from the group consisting of alkyl, olefin, aryl, and heterocycle;
wherein R′ is a compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl, olefin, aryl, heterocycle and hydrogen;
wherein A is a compound selected from the group consisting of ketones, alcohol, amines, cyano, sulfate, nitrile, nitrate, halogen, organic acid, mercaptan, aldehyde, formyl, thiocyano, and isothiocyano; and,
wherein the chemical is encased in a permeable sphere.

### Claim 3

A method for preparing a chemically tagged petroleum product, the method comprising the steps of:
identifying a plurality of containers containing a petroleum product to be tagged; and,
adding to at least one of the containers a chemicals with the general formula RCAR′,
wherein R is a compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl, olefin, aryl, and heterocycle;
wherein R′ is a compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl, olefin, aryl, heterocycle and hydrogen;
wherein A is a compound selected from the group consisting of ketones, alcohol, amines, cyano, sulfate, nitrile, nitrate, halogen, organic acid, mercaptan, aldehyde, formyl, thiocyano, and isothiocyano; and
wherein the chemical is encased in a soluble material.