# US 7,149,574 B2 · Treatment of conditions through electrical modulation of the autonomic nervous system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,149,574 B2 - Document ID: US7149574B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 10/661,368 - Filed: 2003-09-12 - Published: 2004-12-09 - Granted: 2006-12-12 - Earliest claimed: 2003-06-09 - Assignees: Palo Alto Investors - Inventors: Anthony Joonkyoo Yun; Patrick Yuarn-Bor Lee - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7149574B2 ## CPC - A61N 1/36017: {with leads or electrodes penetrating the skin} - A61N 1/326: {for promoting growth of cells, e.g. bone cells} - A61N 1/36189: {using modulation techniques} - A61N 1/36021: {for treatment of pain} - A61N 1/36071: {Pain} - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) ## Abstract Methods are provided for treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in the subject's autonomic nervous system. In accordance with the subject methods, at least a portion of a subject's autonomic nervous system is electrically modulated to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner that is effective to treat the subject for the condition. Certain embodiments include electrically modulating at least a portion of a subject's autonomic nervous system by inhibiting and/or increasing activity in at least a portion of the subject's autonomic nervous system. The subject methods find use in the treatment of a variety of different conditions, where such conditions include various disease conditions. Also provided are systems and kits for use in practicing the subject methods. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio to a ratio analogous to that observed in a health subject in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said parasympathetic activity/to sympathetic activity ratio is increased by increasing activity in at least one parasympathetic nerve fiber and inhibiting activity in at least one sympathetic nerve fiber, wherein said at least one sympathetic nerve fiber is a cardiac nerve fiber, wherein said condition is chosen from neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases, orthopedic diseases, lymphoproliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine disorders, genitourinary disorders, skin disorders, conditions that cause hypoxia, conditions that cause hypercarbia, conditions that cause acidosis and Th-2 dominant conditions, wherein said condition is treated by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, sympathetic nerve, sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, lumber splanchnic nerves, and lesser splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said abnormality is an abnormally low parasympathetic activity in at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said abnormality is an abnormally high parasympathetic activity in at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said abnormality is an abnormally high sympathetic activity in at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method according to claim 4, wherein said parasympathetic activity in at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system is normal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method according to claim 4, wherein said parasympathetic activity in at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system is abnormally low. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The method according to claim 4, wherein said parasympathetic activity in at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system is abnormally high. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is employed to treat a neurodegenerative condition by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, sympathetic nerve and sympathetic ganglia. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is employed to treat orthopedic conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves and sympathetic chain ganglia. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is employed to treat neuroinflammatory conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is employed to treat lymphoproliferative conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is employed to treat inflammatory conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is employed to treat infectious diseases by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating gastrointestinal conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating endocrine disorders by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating genitourinary conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating skin conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia and coccygeal ganglia. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating Th-2 dominant conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause hypoxia, by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause hypercarbia, by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause acidosis by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said parasympathetic activity/to sympathetic activity ratio is increased by increasing activity in at least one parasympathetic nerve fiber. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22, wherein said at least one nerve fiber is a vagus nerve fiber. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein increasing said activity in at least one parasympathetic nerve fiber is performed at the same time as inhibiting activity in at least one sympathetic nerve fiber. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method according to claim 24, wherein increasing said activity in at least one parasympathetic nerve fiber is performed before or after inhibiting activity in at least one sympathetic nerve fiber. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein an implanted electrostimulatory device is employed to electrically modulate said subject's autonomic nervous system. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein said method further comprises pharmacologically modulating said at least a portion of said autonomic nervous system. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method according to claim 27, wherein said pharmacological modulation is performed at the same time as said electrical modulation. ### Claim 29 (depends on 27) The method according to claim 27, wherein said pharmacological modulation is performed before or after said electrical modulation. ### Claim 30 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27, wherein said pharmacological modulation is accomplished by the use of at least one pharmacological agent chosen from cholinergics; acetylcholinesteriase inhibitors; magnesium; magnesium variants; catecholamines inhibitors; nicotine; muscarinics; beta-blockers and neurotoxins. ### Claim 31 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27, wherein said at least one pharmacological agent is chosen from Bethanechol, Oxotremorine, Methacholine, Cevimeline; Edrophonium, Neostigmine, Donepezil, Tacrine, Echothiophate, Diisopropylfluorophosphate, Demecarium, Pralidoxime, Galanthamine, Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, Parathoin, Malathion, Isoflurophate, Metrifonate, Physostigmine, Rivastigmine, Abenonium acetylchol, Carbaryl acetylchol, Propoxur acetylchol, Aldicarb acetylchol, Muscarine, Pilocarpine, magnesium sulfate, botox and capsaicin. ### Claim 32 (depends on 1) A computer-readable medium comprising programming for electrically modulating at least a portion of a subject's autonomic nervous system according to claim 1. ### Claim 33 (depends on 1) A kit comprising: (a) an electrostimulatory device; and (b) instructions for practicing the method of claim 1. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The kit according to claim 33, wherein said electrostimulatory device is an implantable device. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) The kit according to claim 33, wherein said kit further comprises at least one pharmacological agent for modulating at least a portion of said autonomic nervous system. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The kit of claim 35, wherein said at least one pharmacological agent is chosen from cholinergics; acetylcholinesteriase inhibitors; magnesium; magnesium variants; catecholamines inhibitors; nicotine; muscarinics; beta-blockers and neurotoxins. ### Claim 37 (depends on 35) The kit of claim 35, wherein said at least one pharmacological agent is chosen from Bethanechol, Oxotremorine, Methacholine, Cevimeline; Edrophonium, Neostigmine, Donepezil, Tacrine, Echothiophate, Diisopropylfluorophosphate, Demecarium, Pralidoxime, Galanthamine, Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, Parathoin, Malathion, Isoflurophate, Metrifonate, Physostigmine, Rivastigmine, Abenonium acetylchol, Carbaryl acetylchol, Propoxur acetylchol, Aldicarb acetylchol, Muscarine, Pilocarpine, magnesium sulfate, botox and capsaicin. ### Claim 38 (depends on 33) The kit according to claim 33, further comprising an introducer needle for introducing said electrostimulatory device into the body of a subject. ### Claim 39 (depends on 32, 33) The kit of claim 33, further comprising a computer-readable medium according to claim 32. ### Claim 40 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is employed to treat a neurodegenerative condition by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, sympathetic nerve and sympathetic ganglia. ### Claim 41 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subjects autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is employed to treat orthopedic conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves and sympathetic chain ganglia. ### Claim 42 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising; electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is employed to treat neuroinflammatory conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 43 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is employed to treat lymphoproliferative conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 44 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is employed to treat inflammatory conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 45 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is employed to treat infectious diseases by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 46 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is a method of treating Th-2 dominant conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 47 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause hypoxia, by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 48 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause hypercarbia, by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 49 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause acidosis by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 50 A method of treating a subject for a condition caused by an abnormality in said subject's autonomic nervous system, said method comprising: electrically modulating at least a portion of said subject's autonomic nervous system to increase the parasympathetic activity/sympathetic activity ratio to a ratio analogous to that observed in a health subject in a manner effective to treat said subject for said condition, wherein said parasympathetic activity/to sympathetic activity ratio is increased by increasing activity in at least one parasympathetic nerve fiber and inhibiting activity in at least one sympathetic nerve fiber, wherein said condition is chosen from cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases, orthopedic diseases, lymphoproliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine disorders, genitourinary disorders, skin disorders, conditions that cause hypoxia, conditions that cause hypercarbia, conditions that cause acidosis, Th-2 dominant conditions, wherein said method is employed to treat a neurodegenerative condition by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, sympathetic nerve and sympathetic ganglia wherein said method is further employed to treat a second condition by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, cardiac plexus and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 51 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is further employed to treat orthopedic conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves and sympathetic chain ganglia. ### Claim 52 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is further employed to treat neuroinflammatory conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 53 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is further employed to treat lymphoproliferative conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 54 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is further employed to treat inflammatory conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 55 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is further employed to treat infectious diseases by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac and pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 56 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating gastrointestinal conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 57 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating endocrine disorders by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 58 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating genitourinary conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 59 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating skin conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the vagus nerve, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia and coccygeal ganglia. ### Claim 60 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating Th-2 dominant conditions by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 61 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause hypoxia, by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 62 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause hypercarbia, by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves. ### Claim 63 (depends on 50) The method of claim 50, wherein said method is a method of treating conditions that cause acidosis by applying electrical energy to at least one of the cranial nerve III, cranial nerve VII, cranial nerve IX, sphenopalatine ganglion, ciliary ganglion, submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, vagus nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary plexus, celiac plexus, hypogastric plexus, pelvic nerves, cervical sympathetic ganglia, spinal nerves, postganglionic fibers to spinal nerves, sympathetic chain ganglia, coccygeal ganglia, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, inferior mesenteric ganglion, celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and lumber splanchnic nerves.