Surface imprinted films with carbon nanotubes

A film surface imprinted with nanometer-sized particles prepared by a process to produce micro- and/or nano-structured electron and hole collecting interfaces, comprising:

• providing at least one transparent substrate;
• providing at least one photoabsorbing conjugated polymer;
• providing a plurality of nanometer-sized particles to produce a charge separation interface;
• providing at least one transparent polymerizable layer including a sol-gel or monomer;
• embedding said nanometer-sized particles in said conjugated polymer;
• applying said polymerizable layer on a first said substrate to form a charge transport film layer;
• applying said conjugated polymer/nanometer-sized particle mixture on a second said substrate to form a nanometer-sized particles bearing surface film layer, wherein said nanometer-sized particles form a stamp surface;
• imprinting said stamp surface into the surface of said polymerizable film layer to produce micro- and/or nano-structured electron and hole collecting interfaces;
• polymerizing said polymerizable film layer to promote shrinkage to form a conformal gap between said stamp surface and said surface of said polymerizable film layer;
• and
• filling said gap with at least one photoabsorbing material to promote the generation of photoexcited electrons and transport to the charge separation interface.