Carbidopa prodrugs and derivatives, and compositions and uses thereof

A compound of Formula (I):

• a stereoisomer thereof, an enantiomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof, or a solvate of any of the foregoing, wherein:
• X is a moiety of Formula (II):
• where:
• R1 is selected from hydrogen and a moiety comprising Formula (IX):
• R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, —C(O)OR27, —C(O)R27, —(CR16R17)OC(O)R11 and moieties of Formulae (XVII) and (XVIII):
• wherein o is 1–3, and the cycloheteroalkyl rings in (XVII) and (XVIII) are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, CN, NO2, OH, C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 alkoxy;
• or R4 and R5 together form a structure selected from Formulae (XII) to (XVI):
• wherein the aryl ring in Formula (XV) is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, CN, OH, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, and —CO2R31;
• R11 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl, or optionally, R11 and either R16 or R17, together with the atoms to which R11, and either R16 or R17 are attached, form a cycloheteroalkyl or substituted cycloheteroalkyl ring, optionally to which is fused an aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl or substituted cycloheteroalkyl ring;
• R16 and R17 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, carbamoyl, substituted carbomoyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, substituted cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl or optionally, R16 and R17 together with the carbon atom to which R16 and R17 are attached form a cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl or substituted cycloheteroalkyl ring;
• R27 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• R28 and R29 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, and substituted heteroalkyl;
• and
• R31is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, and substituted heteroarylalkyl;
• with the proviso that
• none of R1, R4, R5, R11, R16, R17, R27, R28, R29, and R31 comprise a bile acid moiety.