12-Aryl prostaglandin analogs

A compound of the formula

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof,
• wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a covalent bond;
• Y is a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, or phosphonic acid;
• or an amide or ester thereof having from 0 to 12 carbon atoms;
• or Y is a hydroxymethyl, or tetrazolyl functional group provided that when X is C═O, Y is not an amide of a carboxylic acid;
• A is —(CH2)6—, cis—CH2CH═CHr—(CH2)3—, or —CH2C≡C—(CH2)3—, wherein 1 or 2 carbon atoms may be substituted with S or O;
• or A is —(CH2)m—Ar—(CH2)o— wherein Ar is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl, the sum of m and o is from 1 to 4, and wherein one CH2 may be substituted with S or O;
• X is C═O, CHF, CF2, CHCl, or CHOH;
• wherein if X is CHOH, then OH is in the β-configuration;
• R is a hydrocarbyl or a hydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
• D is independently a moiety having from 1 to 6 non-hydrogen atoms;
• and
• n is an integer from 0 to 4.